Researchers may have identified a promising¹ novel diagnostic biomarker for ectopic pregnancy²（宫外孕） , according to a study accepted for publication in The Endocrine Society's Journal of Clinical Endocrinology（内分泌学） & Metabolism³ (JCEM). In the western world, deaths from ectopic pregnancy are not common but in the developing world one in ten women who are admitted with an ectopic pregnancy die. An ectopic pregnancy is an abnormal pregnancy that occurs outside the uterine cavity. Most ectopic pregnancies⁴ take place in the Fallopian tube（输卵管） but implantation can also occur in the cervix（子宫颈） , ovaries and abdomen⁵. Ectopic pregnancy is associated with severe pelvic（骨盆） pain and the need for a blood transfusion⁶（输血） . The condition is a leading cause of pregnancy-related first trimester（早期妊娠） deaths.

"Finding a simple and cost-effective test using biomarkers to diagnose ectopic pregnancies would have a significant impact on reducing emotional distress⁷ and unnecessary deaths," said Andrew Horne, PhD, of the University of Edinburgh in the United Kingdom and lead author of the study. "Our study shows that placental（胎盘的） growth factor (PIGF), a key molecule⁸ in the formation of blood vessels⁹, is a promising novel diagnostic biomarker for ectopic pregnancies."

In this study, researchers obtained trophoblast（滋养层） samples from 40 pregnant women aged¹⁰ 18-45 years undergoing surgical¹¹ termination of pregnancy, evacuation of uterus for embryonic¹³ missed miscarriage¹⁴ or surgery for tubal ectopic pregnancy. Trophoblasts are specialized¹⁵ cells of the placenta that play an important role in embryo¹² implantation. Serum¹⁶ PIGF levels were measured in all trophoblast samples and researchers found that PIGF was reduced in samples from tubal ectopic pregnancies when compare to intrauterine（子宫内的） pregnancies.

"The inevitable¹⁷ multiple visits and tests that are currently necessary to diagnose ectopic pregnancies are a sizable expense for health services," said Horne. "Serum PIGF may be the answer to the urgent unmet need for a biomarker for tubal ectopic pregnancy that allows quicker diagnosis¹⁸ and facilitates earlier and less invasive treatment. Large-scale studies are now required to determine its clinical utility."