欧洲空气中二氧化氮含量降低
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2012-07-10 06:32 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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Satellite measurements show that nitrogen dioxide in the lower atmosphere over parts of Europe and the US has fallen over the past decade. More than 15 years of atmospheric1 observations have revealed trends in air quality. As the world's population increases, economies in many countries are also growing and populations are concentrating in large cities. With the use of fossil fuels still on the rise, pollution in large cities is also increasing.

Nitrogen dioxide is an important pollutant2 in the troposphere(对流层) , the lowest portion of our atmosphere.

Satellite observations of it began with the launch of the ERS-2 satellite in 1995 and its GOME instrument, originally designed for monitoring atmospheric ozone3.

Monitoring continued with the Sciamachy sensor4 on Envisat, OMI on NASA's Aura and GOME-2 on Eumetsat's MetOp.

This set of instruments shows, that over the years, nitrogen dioxide levels have decreased in the US and Europe, but increased in the Middle East and parts of Asia.

"The changes observed from space can be explained by two effects: increased use of fossil fuels in evolving economies, leading to increased pollution and improvements in technology -- like cleaner cars -- leading to reduced pollution," explained Andreas Richter, a scientist with the Institute of Environmental Physics at the University of Bremen in Germany.

"These changes in pollution levels are surprisingly rapid, and satellites are the only way to monitor them globally.

"For this, the long-term availability of satellite instruments that can monitor pollution is of key importance."

In the US, urban areas in the state of California showed a consistent drop in nitrogen dioxide.

"Airborne and ground-based measurements supported the findings from the satellite data," said Si-Wan Kim from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

"The satellite measurements are now being used to improve the emission5 inventory6(存货) in California."

These results were recently presented at the 'Advances in Atmospheric Science and Applications' conference in Bruges, Belgium.

Organised by ESA, the conference looked at the remote sensing of trace gases in the atmosphere, clouds and aerosols7, greenhouse gases and air quality monitoring.



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1 atmospheric 6eayR     
adj.大气的,空气的;大气层的;大气所引起的
参考例句:
  • Sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
  • Clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。
2 pollutant N1Zzy     
n.污染物质,散布污染物质者
参考例句:
  • Coal itself is a heavy pollutant.煤本身就是一种严重的污染物。
  • Carbon dioxide may not be a typical air pollutant.二氧化碳可能不是一种典型的污染物。
3 ozone omQzBE     
n.臭氧,新鲜空气
参考例句:
  • The ozone layer is a protective layer around the planet Earth.臭氧层是地球的保护层。
  • The capacity of ozone can adjust according of requirement.臭氧的产量可根据需要或调节。
4 sensor sz7we     
n.传感器,探测设备,感觉器(官)
参考例句:
  • The temperature sensor is enclosed in a protective well.温度传感器密封在保护套管中。
  • He plugged the sensor into a outlet.他把传感器插进电源插座。
5 emission vjnz4     
n.发出物,散发物;发出,散发
参考例句:
  • Rigorous measures will be taken to reduce the total pollutant emission.采取严格有力措施,降低污染物排放总量。
  • Finally,the way to effectively control particulate emission is pointed out.最后,指出有效降低颗粒排放的方向。
6 inventory 04xx7     
n.详细目录,存货清单
参考例句:
  • Some stores inventory their stock once a week.有些商店每周清点存货一次。
  • We will need to call on our supplier to get more inventory.我们必须请供应商送来更多存货。
7 aerosols a9c7ea700e36caa4c48a8c693762372f     
n.气溶胶( aerosol的名词复数 );喷雾剂;(气体中的)浮粒;喷雾器
参考例句:
  • Aerosols are present throughout the atmosphere. 气溶胶存在于整个大气层。 来自辞典例句
  • Deodorants are available as aerosols or roll-ons. 除臭剂有喷雾装或滚抹装。 来自辞典例句
TAG标签: Europe space satellite
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