Scientists at the University of East Anglia have identified four new human-made gases in the atmosphere -- all of which are contributing to the destruction of the ozone¹ layer. New research published today in the journal Nature Geoscience reveals that more than 74,000 tonnes of three new chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs氟氯氟烃) and one new hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC氟氯烃化合物) have been released into the atmosphere.

 

Scientists made the discovery by comparing today's air samples with air trapped in polar firn snow -- which provides a century-old natural archive of the atmosphere. They also looked at air collected between 1978 and 2012 in unpolluted Tasmania.

 

Measurements show that all four new gases have been released into the atmosphere recently -- and that two are significantly accumulating. Emission² increases of this scale have not been seen for any other CFCs since controls were introduced during the 1990s. But they are nowhere near peak CFC emissions³ of the 1980s which reached around a million tonnes a year.

 

Lead researcher Dr Johannes Laube from UEA's School of Environmental Sciences said: "Our research has shown four gases that were not around in the atmosphere at all until the 1960s which suggests they are human-made."

 

"CFCs are the main cause of the hole in the ozone layer over Antarctica. Laws to reduce and phase out CFCs came into force in 1989, followed by a total ban in 2010. This has resulted in successfully reducing the production of many of these compounds on a global scale. However, legislation loopholes still allow some usage for exempted⁴ purposes.

 

"The identification of these four new gases is very worrying as they will contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer. We don't know where the new gases are being emitted from and this should be investigated. Possible sources include feedstock chemicals for insecticide production and solvents⁵ for cleaning electronic components⁶.

 

"What's more, the three CFCs are being destroyed very slowly in the atmosphere -- so even if emissions were to stop immediately, they will still be around for many decades to come," he added.

 

This research has been funded by the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), the National Centre for Atmospheric⁷ Science (NCAS), the European Union, and the Commonwealth⁸ Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation⁹ (CSIRO).

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