(4) 翻译成汉语的无主句。例如:

　　例1.Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.

　　应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟的危害, 特别是吸上烟瘾后的可怕后果。(82年考题)

　　例2.By this procedure, different honeys have been found to vary widely in the sensitivity of their inhibit¹ to heat.

　　通过这种方法分析发现不同种类的蜂蜜的抗菌活动对热的敏感程度也极为不同。

　　例4.Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.

　　在我们这个世纪内研制了许多新奇的交通工具, 其中最奇特的也许就是气垫船了。

　　例5.New source of energy must be found, and this will take time….

　　必须找到新的能源，这　要时间……(91年考题）

　　另外, 下列结构也可以通过这一手段翻译:

　　It is hoped that … 希望……

　　It is reported that … 据报道……

　　It is said that … 据说……

　　It is supposed that … 据推测……

　　It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸张地说……

　　It must be admitted that … 必须承认……

　　It must be pointed² out that … 必须指出……

　　It will be seen from this that … 由此可见……

　　(5) 翻译成带表语的主动句。例如:

　　例1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly.

　　进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。

　　例2.On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn³ with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude

　　towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed⁴.(92年考题)

　　总的来说, 得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的, 但必须具备两个条件: 能够 假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一个孩子的态度相同; 他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。(注意上述翻译技巧在该句翻译中的综合运用。)

　　2. 译成汉语的被动语态。

　　英语中的许多被动句可以翻译成汉语的被动句。常用“被”, “给”, “遭”, “挨”, “为……所”, “使”, “由…”, “受到”等表示。例如:

　　例1.Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man.

　　地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引燃的。

　　例2.These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space.

　　这些讯号是由外层空间的星球碰撞或者核反应所造成的。

　　例3.Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many colours.

　　自然光或者“白光”实№上是由许多种颜色组成的。

　　例4.The behaviour of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected⁵ by a number of factors, including the viscosity⁶ of the fluid and the speed at which it is pumped.

　　流体在管道中流动的情况, 受到诸如流体粘度、泵送速度等各种因素的影响。

　　例5.They may have been a source of part of the atmosphere of the terrestrial planets, and they are believed to have been the planetesimal-like building blocks for some of the outer planets and their satellites.

　　它们可能一直是地球行星的一部分大气的来源。它们还被认为是构成外部行星以及其卫星的一种类似微星的基础材料。

　　例6.Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science. (95年考题)

　　工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。

　　例7.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice⁷ versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. (95年考题)

　　政府是以减少技术的经费投入来增加纯理论科学的经费投入, 还是相反, 这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量。

　　例8.The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.

　　石油的供应可能随时会被中断；不管怎样，以目前的这种消费速度，30年左右，所有的油井都会枯竭。