英国文学简史完全笔记(3)(2)
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justify23">  Chapter 4 English Literature of the 17th Century I.A Historical Background
  II.The Overview1 of the Literature (1640-1688)
  1. The revolution period
  (1) The metaphysical poets;
  (2) The Cavalier poets.
  (3) Milton: the literary and philosophical2 heritage of the Renaissance3 merged4 with Protestant political and moral conviction
  2. The restoration period.
  (1) The restoration of Charles II ushered5 in a literature characterized by reason, moderation, good taste, deft6 management, and simplicity7. (school of Ben Jonson)
  (2) The ideals of impartial8 investigation9 and scientific experimentation10 promoted by the newly founded Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge (1662) were influential11 in the development of clear and simple prose as an instrument of rational communication.
  (3) The great philosophical and political treatises12 of the time emphasize rationalism.
  (4) The restoration drama.
  (5) The Age of Dryden.
  III.John Milton
  1. Life: educated at Cambridge—visiting the continent—involved into the revolution—persecuted—writing epics13.
  2. Literary career.
  (1) The 1st period was up to 1641, during which time he is to be seen chiefly as a son of the humanists and Elizabethans, although his Puritanism is not absent. L'Allegre and IL Pens eroso (1632) are his early masterpieces, in which we find Milton a true offspring of the Renaissance, a scholar of exquisite15 taste and rare culture. Next came Comus, a masque. The greatest of early creations was Lycidas, a pastoral elegy16 on the death of a college mate, Edward King.
  (2) The second period is from 1641 to 1654, when the Puritan was in such complete ascendancy17 that he wrote almost no poetry. In 1641, he began a long period of pamphleteering for the puritan cause. For some 15 years, the Puritan in him alone ruled his writing. He sacrificed his poetic18 ambition to the call of the liberty for which Puritans were fighting.
  (3) The third period is from 1655 to 1671, when humanist and Puritan have been fused into an exalted19 entity20. This period is the greatest in his literary life, epics and some famous sonnets21. The three long poems are the fruit of the long contest within Milton of Renaissance tradition and his Puritan faith. They form the greatest accomplishments22 of any English poet except Shakespeare. In Milton alone, it would seem, Puritanism could not extinguish the lover of beauty. In these works we find humanism and Puritanism merged in magnificence.
  3. Major Works
  (1) Paradise Lost
  a. the plot.
  b. characters.
  c. theme: justify the ways of God to man.
  (2) Paradise Regained24.
  (3) Samson Agonistes.
  4. Features of Milton's works.
  (1) Milton is one of the very few truly great English writers who is also a prominent figure in politics, and who is both a great poet and an important prose writer. The two most essential things to be remembered about him are his Puritanism and his republicanism.
  (2) Milton wrote many different types of poetry. He is especially a great master of blank verse. He learned much from Shakespeare and first used blank verse in non-dramatic works.
  (3) Milton is a great stylist. He is famous for his grand style noted25 for its dignity and polish, which is the result of his life-long classical and biblical study.
  (4) Milton has always been admired for his sublimity26 of thought and majesty27 of expression.
  IV.John Bunyan
  1. life:
  (1) puritan age;
  (2) poor family;
  (3) parliamentary army;
  (4) Baptist society, preacher;
  (5) prison, writing the book.
  2. The Pilgrim Progress
  (1) The allegory in dream form.
  (2) the plot.
  (3) the theme.

  V. Metaphysical Poets and Cavalier Poets.
  1. Metaphysical Poets
  The term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to designate the works of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. Pressured by the harsh, uncomfortable and curious age, the metaphysical poets sought to shatter myths and replace them with new philosophies, new sciences, new words and new poetry. They tried to break away from the conventional fashion of Elizabethan love poetry, and favoured in poetry for a more colloquial28 language and tone, a tightness of expression and the single-minded working out of a theme or argument.
  2. Cavalier Poets
  The other group prevailing29 in this period was that of Cavalier poets. They were often courtiers who stood on the side of the king, and called themselves “sons” of Ben Jonson. The Cavalier poets wrote light poetry, polished and elegant, amorous30 and gay, but often superficial. Most of their verses were short songs, pretty madrigals, love fancies characterized by lightness of heart and of morals. Cavalier poems have the limpidity31 of the Elizabethan lyric32 without its imaginative flights. They are lighter33 and neater but less fresh than the Elizabethan's.#p#分页标题#e#
  VI.John Dryden.
  1. Life:
  (1) the representative of classicism in the Restoration.
  (2) poet, dramatist, critic, prose writer, satirist34.
  (3) changeable in attitude.
  (4) Literary career—four decades.
  (5) Poet Laureate
  2. His influences.
  (1) He established the heroic couplet as the fashion for satiric35, didactic, and descriptive poetry.
  (2) He developed a direct and concise36 prose style.
  (3) He developed the art of literary criticism in his essays and in the numerous prefaces to his poems.
  Chapter 5 English Literature of the 18th Century I.Introduction
  1. The Historical Background.
  2. The literary overview.
  (1) The Enlightenment.
  (2) The rise of English novels.
  When the literary historian seeks to assign to each age its favourite form of literature, he finds no difficulty in dealing37 with our own time. As the Middle Ages delighted in long romantic narrative38 poems, the Elizabethans in drama, the Englishman of the reigns39 of Anne and the early Georges in didactic and satirical verse, so the public of our day is enamored of the novel. Almost all types of literary production continue to appear, but whether we judge from the lists of publishers, the statistics of public libraries, or general conversation, we find abundant evidence of the enormous preponderance of this kind of literary entertainment in popular favour.
  (3) Neo-classicism: a revival40 in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of classical standards of order, balance, and harmony in literature. John Dryden and Alexander Pope were major exponents41 of the neo-classical school.
  (4) Satiric literature.
  (5) Sentimentalism
  II.Neo-classicism. (a general description)
  1. Alexander Pope
  (1)Life:
  a.Catholic family;
  b.ill health;
  c.taught himself by reading and translating;
  d.friend of Addison, Steele and Swift.
  (2)three groups of poems:
  e.An Essay on Criticism (manifesto42 of neo-classicism);
  f. The Rape43 of Lock;
  g.Translation of two epics.
  (3)His contribution:
  h.the heroic couplet—finish, elegance44, wit, pointedness45;
  i.satire46.
  (4) weakness: lack of imagination.
  2. Addison and Steele
  (1) Richard Steele: poet, playwright47, essayist, publisher of newspaper.
  (2) Joseph Addison: studies at Oxford48, secretary of state, created a literary periodical “Spectator” (with Steele, 1711)
  (3) Spectator Club.
  (4) The significance of their essays.
  a. Their writings in “The Tatler”, and “The Spectator” provide a new code of social morality for the rising bourgeoisie.
  b. They give a true picture of the social life of England in the 18th century.
  c. In their hands, the English essay completely established itself as a literary genre49. Using it as a form of character sketching50 and story telling, they ushered in the dawn of the modern novel.
  3. Samuel Johnson—poet, critic, essayist, lexicographer51, editor.
  (1)Life:
  a.studies at Oxford;
  b.made a living by writing and translating;
  c.the great cham of literature.
  (2) works: poem (The Vanity of Human Wishes, London); criticism (The Lives of great Poets); preface.
  (3) The champion of neoclassical ideas.

  III.Literature of Satire: Jonathan Swift.
  1.Life:
  (1)born in Ireland;
  (2)studies at Trinity College;
  (3)worked as a secretary;
  (4)the chief editor of The Examiner;
  (5)the Dean of St. Patrick's in Dublin.
  2. Works: The Battle of Books, A Tale of a Tub, A Modest Proposal, Gulliver's Travels.
  3. Gulliver's Travels.
  Part I. Satire—the Whig and the Tories, Anglican Church and Catholic Church.
  Part II. Satire—the legal system; condemnation52 of war.
  Part III. Satire—ridiculous scientific experiment.
  Part IV. Satire—mankind.
  IV.English Novels of Realistic tradition.
  1. The Rise of novels.
  (1)Early forms: folk tale – fables53 – myths – epic14 – poetry – romances – fabliaux – novelle - imaginative nature of their material. (imaginative narrative)
  (2)The rise of the novel
  a.picaresque novel in Spain and England (16th century): Of or relating to a genre of prose fiction that originated in Spain and depicts54 in realistic detail the adventures of a roguish hero, often with satiric or humorous effects.
  b.Sidney: Arcadia.
  c. Addison and Steele: The Spectator.
  (plot and characterization and realism)
  (3) novel and drama (17the century)
  2. Daniel Defoe—novelist, poet, pamphleteer, publisher, merchant, journalist.)#p#分页标题#e#
  (1)Life:
  a.business career;
  b.writing career;
  c.interested in politics.
  (2) Robinson Cusoe.
  a. the story.
  b. the significance of the character.
  c. the features of his novels.
  d. the style of language.
  3. Henry Fielding—novelist.
  (1)Life:
  a.unsuccessful dramatic career;
  b.legal career; writing career.
  (2) works.
  (3) Tom Jones.
  a.the plot;
  b.characters: Tom, Blifil, Sophia;
  c.significance.
  (4) the theory of realism.
  (5) the style of language.
  V. Writers of Sentimentalism.
  1. Introduction
  2. Samuel Richardson—novelist, moralist (One who is unduly55 concerned with the morals of others.)
  (1)Life:
  a.printer book seller;
  b.letter writer.
  (2) Pamela, Virtue56 Rewarded.
  a.the story
  b.the significance
  Pamela was a new thing in these ways:
  a) It discarded the “improbable and marvelous” accomplishments of the former heroic romances, and pictured the life and love of ordinary people.
  b) Its intension was to afford not merely entertainment but also moral instruction.
  c) It described not only the sayings and doings of characters but their also their secret thoughts and feelings. It was, in fact, the first English psycho-analytical novel.
  3. Oliver Goldsmith—poet and novelist.
  A. Life:
  a.born in Ireland;
  b.a singer and tale-teller, a life of vagabondage;
  c.bookseller;
  d.the Literary Club;
  e.a miserable57 life;
  f. the most lovable character in English literature.
  B. The Vicar of Wakefield.
  a.story;
  b.the signicance.
  VI.English Drama of the 18th century
  1. The decline of the drama
  2. Richard Brinsley Sheriden
  A. life.
  B. works: Rivals, The School for Scandals.
  C. significance of his plays.
  a. The Rivals and The School for Scandal are generally regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw, and as true classics in English comedy.
  b. In his plays, morality is the constant theme. He is much concerned with the current moral issues and lashes58 harshly at the social vices59 of the day.
  c. Sheridan's greatness also lies in his theatrical60 art. He seems to have inherited from his parents a natural ability and inborn61 knowledge about the theatre. His plays are the product of a dramatic genius as well as of a well-versed theatrical man.
  d. His plots are well-organized, his characters, either major or minor62, are all sharply drawn63, and his manipulation of such devices as disguise, mistaken identity and dramatic irony64 is masterly. Witty65 dialogues and neat and decent language also make a characteristic of his plays.



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 overview 8mrz1L     
n.概观,概述
参考例句:
  • The opening chapter gives a brief historical overview of transport.第一章是运输史的简要回顾。
  • The seminar aims to provide an overview on new media publishing.研讨会旨在综览新兴的媒体出版。
2 philosophical rN5xh     
adj.哲学家的,哲学上的,达观的
参考例句:
  • The teacher couldn't answer the philosophical problem.老师不能解答这个哲学问题。
  • She is very philosophical about her bad luck.她对自己的不幸看得很开。
3 renaissance PBdzl     
n.复活,复兴,文艺复兴
参考例句:
  • The Renaissance was an epoch of unparalleled cultural achievement.文艺复兴是一个文化上取得空前成就的时代。
  • The theme of the conference is renaissance Europe.大会的主题是文艺复兴时期的欧洲。
4 merged d33b2d33223e1272c8bbe02180876e6f     
(使)混合( merge的过去式和过去分词 ); 相融; 融入; 渐渐消失在某物中
参考例句:
  • Turf wars are inevitable when two departments are merged. 两个部门合并时总免不了争争权限。
  • The small shops were merged into a large market. 那些小商店合并成为一个大商场。
5 ushered d337b3442ea0cc4312a5950ae8911282     
v.引,领,陪同( usher的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The secretary ushered me into his office. 秘书把我领进他的办公室。
  • A round of parties ushered in the New Year. 一系列的晚会迎来了新年。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 deft g98yn     
adj.灵巧的,熟练的(a deft hand 能手)
参考例句:
  • The pianist has deft fingers.钢琴家有灵巧的双手。
  • This bird,sharp of eye and deft of beak,can accurately peck the flying insects in the air.这只鸟眼疾嘴快,能准确地把空中的飞虫啄住。
7 simplicity Vryyv     
n.简单,简易;朴素;直率,单纯
参考例句:
  • She dressed with elegant simplicity.她穿着朴素高雅。
  • The beauty of this plan is its simplicity.简明扼要是这个计划的一大特点。
8 impartial eykyR     
adj.(in,to)公正的,无偏见的
参考例句:
  • He gave an impartial view of the state of affairs in Ireland.他对爱尔兰的事态发表了公正的看法。
  • Careers officers offer impartial advice to all pupils.就业指导员向所有学生提供公正无私的建议。
9 investigation MRKzq     
n.调查,调查研究
参考例句:
  • In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
  • He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。
10 experimentation rm6x1     
n.实验,试验,实验法
参考例句:
  • Many people object to experimentation on animals.许多人反对用动物做实验。
  • Study and analysis are likely to be far cheaper than experimentation.研究和分析的费用可能要比实验少得多。
11 influential l7oxK     
adj.有影响的,有权势的
参考例句:
  • He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。
  • He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。
12 treatises 9ff9125c93810e8709abcafe0c3289ca     
n.专题著作,专题论文,专著( treatise的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Many treatises in different languages have been published on pigeons. 关于鸽类的著作,用各种文字写的很多。 来自辞典例句
  • Many other treatises incorporated the new rigor. 许多其它的专题论文体现了新的严密性。 来自辞典例句
13 epics a6d7b651e63ea6619a4e096bc4fb9453     
n.叙事诗( epic的名词复数 );壮举;惊人之举;史诗般的电影(或书籍)
参考例句:
  • one of the great Hindu epics 伟大的印度教史诗之一
  • Homer Iliad and Milton's Paradise Lost are epics. 荷马的《伊利亚特》和弥尔顿的《失乐园》是史诗。 来自互联网
14 epic ui5zz     
n.史诗,叙事诗;adj.史诗般的,壮丽的
参考例句:
  • I gave up my epic and wrote this little tale instead.我放弃了写叙事诗,而写了这个小故事。
  • They held a banquet of epic proportions.他们举行了盛大的宴会。
15 exquisite zhez1     
adj.精美的;敏锐的;剧烈的,感觉强烈的
参考例句:
  • I was admiring the exquisite workmanship in the mosaic.我当时正在欣赏镶嵌画的精致做工。
  • I still remember the exquisite pleasure I experienced in Bali.我依然记得在巴厘岛所经历的那种剧烈的快感。
16 elegy HqBxD     
n.哀歌,挽歌
参考例句:
  • Good heavens,what would be more tragic than that elegy!天哪,还有什么比那首挽歌更悲伤的呢!
  • His book is not intended to be a complete history but a personal elegy.他的书与其说是一部完整的历史,更像是一篇个人挽歌。
17 ascendancy 3NgyL     
n.统治权,支配力量
参考例句:
  • We have had ascendancy over the enemy in the battle.在战斗中我们已占有优势。
  • The extremists are gaining ascendancy.极端分子正逐渐占据上风。
18 poetic b2PzT     
adj.富有诗意的,有诗人气质的,善于抒情的
参考例句:
  • His poetic idiom is stamped with expressions describing group feeling and thought.他的诗中的措辞往往带有描写群体感情和思想的印记。
  • His poetic novels have gone through three different historical stages.他的诗情小说创作经历了三个不同的历史阶段。
19 exalted ztiz6f     
adj.(地位等)高的,崇高的;尊贵的,高尚的
参考例句:
  • Their loveliness and holiness in accordance with their exalted station.他们的美丽和圣洁也与他们的崇高地位相称。
  • He received respect because he was a person of exalted rank.他因为是个地位崇高的人而受到尊敬。
20 entity vo8xl     
n.实体,独立存在体,实际存在物
参考例句:
  • The country is no longer one political entity.这个国家不再是一个统一的政治实体了。
  • As a separate legal entity,the corporation must pay taxes.作为一个独立的法律实体,公司必须纳税。
21 sonnets a9ed1ef262e5145f7cf43578fe144e00     
n.十四行诗( sonnet的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Keats' reputation as a great poet rests largely upon the odes and the later sonnets. 作为一个伟大的诗人,济慈的声誉大部分建立在他写的长诗和后期的十四行诗上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He referred to the manuscript circulation of the sonnets. 他谈到了十四行诗手稿的流行情况。 来自辞典例句
22 accomplishments 1c15077db46e4d6425b6f78720939d54     
n.造诣;完成( accomplishment的名词复数 );技能;成绩;成就
参考例句:
  • It was one of the President's greatest accomplishments. 那是总统最伟大的成就之一。
  • Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing. 她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
23 justify j3DxR     
vt.证明…正当(或有理),为…辩护
参考例句:
  • He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。
  • Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗?
24 regained 51ada49e953b830c8bd8fddd6bcd03aa     
复得( regain的过去式和过去分词 ); 赢回; 重回; 复至某地
参考例句:
  • The majority of the people in the world have regained their liberty. 世界上大多数人已重获自由。
  • She hesitated briefly but quickly regained her poise. 她犹豫片刻,但很快恢复了镇静。
25 noted 5n4zXc     
adj.著名的,知名的
参考例句:
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
26 sublimity bea9f6f3906788d411469278c1b62ee8     
崇高,庄严,气质高尚
参考例句:
  • It'suggests no crystal waters, no picturesque shores, no sublimity. 这决不会叫人联想到晶莹的清水,如画的两岸,雄壮的气势。
  • Huckleberry was filled with admiration of Tom's facility in writing, and the sublimity of his language. 对汤姆流利的书写、响亮的内容,哈克贝利心悦诚服。
27 majesty MAExL     
n.雄伟,壮丽,庄严,威严;最高权威,王权
参考例句:
  • The king had unspeakable majesty.国王有无法形容的威严。
  • Your Majesty must make up your mind quickly!尊贵的陛下,您必须赶快做出决定!
28 colloquial ibryG     
adj.口语的,会话的
参考例句:
  • It's hard to understand the colloquial idioms of a foreign language.外语里的口头习语很难懂。
  • They have little acquaintance with colloquial English. 他们对英语会话几乎一窍不通。
29 prevailing E1ozF     
adj.盛行的;占优势的;主要的
参考例句:
  • She wears a fashionable hair style prevailing in the city.她的发型是这个城市流行的款式。
  • This reflects attitudes and values prevailing in society.这反映了社会上盛行的态度和价值观。
30 amorous Menys     
adj.多情的;有关爱情的
参考例句:
  • They exchanged amorous glances and clearly made known their passions.二人眉来眼去,以目传情。
  • She gave him an amorous look.她脉脉含情的看他一眼。
31 limpidity ea22b99ae0ba3fe88f12c479e061c6b5     
n.清澈,透明
参考例句:
  • Paradise Island has many aquatic villas, they are surrounded by the limpidity sea. 天堂岛有许多水生别墅,他们是由清澈海水所包围。 来自互联网
32 lyric R8RzA     
n.抒情诗,歌词;adj.抒情的
参考例句:
  • This is a good example of Shelley's lyric poetry.这首诗是雪莱抒情诗的范例。
  • His earlier work announced a lyric talent of the first order.他的早期作品显露了一流的抒情才华。
33 lighter 5pPzPR     
n.打火机,点火器;驳船;v.用驳船运送;light的比较级
参考例句:
  • The portrait was touched up so as to make it lighter.这张画经过润色,色调明朗了一些。
  • The lighter works off the car battery.引燃器利用汽车蓄电池打火。
34 satirist KCrzN     
n.讽刺诗作者,讽刺家,爱挖苦别人的人
参考例句:
  • Voltaire was a famous French satirist.伏尔泰是法国一位著名的讽刺作家。
  • Perhaps the first to chronicle this dream was the Greek satirist Lucian.也许第一个记述这一梦想的要算是希腊的讽刺作家露西安了。
35 satiric fYNxQ     
adj.讽刺的,挖苦的
参考例句:
  • Looking at her satiric parent she only gave a little laugh.她望着她那挖苦人的父亲,只讪讪地笑了一下。
  • His satiric poem spared neither the politicians nor the merchants.政客们和商人们都未能免于遭受他的诗篇的讽刺。
36 concise dY5yx     
adj.简洁的,简明的
参考例句:
  • The explanation in this dictionary is concise and to the point.这部词典里的释义简明扼要。
  • I gave a concise answer about this.我对于此事给了一个简要的答复。
37 dealing NvjzWP     
n.经商方法,待人态度
参考例句:
  • This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
  • His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
38 narrative CFmxS     
n.叙述,故事;adj.叙事的,故事体的
参考例句:
  • He was a writer of great narrative power.他是一位颇有记述能力的作家。
  • Neither author was very strong on narrative.两个作者都不是很善于讲故事。
39 reigns 0158e1638fbbfb79c26a2ce8b24966d2     
n.君主的统治( reign的名词复数 );君主统治时期;任期;当政期
参考例句:
  • In these valleys night reigns. 夜色笼罩着那些山谷。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • The Queen of Britain reigns, but she does not rule or govern. 英国女王是国家元首,但不治国事。 来自辞典例句
40 revival UWixU     
n.复兴,复苏,(精力、活力等的)重振
参考例句:
  • The period saw a great revival in the wine trade.这一时期葡萄酒业出现了很大的复苏。
  • He claimed the housing market was showing signs of a revival.他指出房地产市场正出现复苏的迹象。
41 exponents 2f711bc1acfc4fcc18827d8a2655a05f     
n.倡导者( exponent的名词复数 );说明者;指数;能手
参考例句:
  • Its tendency to archaic language was tempered by the indolence of its exponents. 它的应用古语的趋势却被用语者的懒散所冲淡。 来自辞典例句
  • The exponents of this trend are trying to lead us towards capitalism. 这股思潮的代表人物是要把我们引导到资本主义方向上去。 来自互联网
42 manifesto P7wzt     
n.宣言,声明
参考例句:
  • I was involved in the preparation of Labour's manifesto.我参与了工党宣言的起草工作。
  • His manifesto promised measures to protect them.他在宣言里保证要为他们采取保护措施。
43 rape PAQzh     
n.抢夺,掠夺,强奸;vt.掠夺,抢夺,强奸
参考例句:
  • The rape of the countryside had a profound ravage on them.对乡村的掠夺给他们造成严重创伤。
  • He was brought to court and charged with rape.他被带到法庭并被指控犯有强奸罪。
44 elegance QjPzj     
n.优雅;优美,雅致;精致,巧妙
参考例句:
  • The furnishings in the room imparted an air of elegance.这个房间的家具带给这房间一种优雅的气氛。
  • John has been known for his sartorial elegance.约翰因为衣着讲究而出名。
45 pointedness 8e3ecb6c8a1ae055351490c6b706f676     
n.尖角,尖锐;棱角
参考例句:
  • The key is single-pointedness of mind. 关键是思想上的专一。 来自互联网
  • The pointedness of his sarcasm was unmistakable. 他尖锐的讽刺之意是很明显的。 来自互联网
46 satire BCtzM     
n.讽刺,讽刺文学,讽刺作品
参考例句:
  • The movie is a clever satire on the advertising industry.那部影片是关于广告业的一部巧妙的讽刺作品。
  • Satire is often a form of protest against injustice.讽刺往往是一种对不公正的抗议形式。
47 playwright 8Ouxo     
n.剧作家,编写剧本的人
参考例句:
  • Gwyn Thomas was a famous playwright.格温·托马斯是著名的剧作家。
  • The playwright was slaughtered by the press.这位剧作家受到新闻界的无情批判。
48 Oxford Wmmz0a     
n.牛津(英国城市)
参考例句:
  • At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
  • This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。
49 genre ygPxi     
n.(文学、艺术等的)类型,体裁,风格
参考例句:
  • My favorite music genre is blues.我最喜欢的音乐种类是布鲁斯音乐。
  • Superficially,this Shakespeare's work seems to fit into the same genre.从表面上看, 莎士比亚的这个剧本似乎属于同一类型。
50 sketching 2df579f3d044331e74dce85d6a365dd7     
n.草图
参考例句:
  • They are sketching out proposals for a new road. 他们正在草拟修建新路的计划。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • "Imagination is busy sketching rose-tinted pictures of joy. “飞舞驰骋的想象描绘出一幅幅玫瑰色欢乐的场景。 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险
51 lexicographer M1kxC     
n.辞典编纂人
参考例句:
  • A lexicographer's job is to describe the language.词典编纂者的工作就是对语言加以描述。
  • The lexicographer knew that the English lexis was changing. 字典编纂者知道英语词汇在不断变化。
52 condemnation 2pSzp     
n.谴责; 定罪
参考例句:
  • There was widespread condemnation of the invasion. 那次侵略遭到了人们普遍的谴责。
  • The jury's condemnation was a shock to the suspect. 陪审团宣告有罪使嫌疑犯大为震惊。
53 fables c7e1f2951baeedb04670ded67f15ca7b     
n.寓言( fable的名词复数 );神话,传说
参考例句:
  • Some of Aesop's Fables are satires. 《伊索寓言》中有一些是讽刺作品。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • Little Mexican boys also breathe the American fables. 墨西哥族的小孩子对美国神话也都耳濡目染。 来自辞典例句
54 depicts fd8ee09c0b2264bb6b44abf7282d37f6     
描绘,描画( depict的第三人称单数 ); 描述
参考例句:
  • The book vividly depicts French society of the 1930s. 这本书生动地描绘了20 世纪30 年代的法国社会。
  • He depicts the sordid and vulgar sides of life exclusively. 他只描写人生肮脏和庸俗的一面。
55 unduly Mp4ya     
adv.过度地,不适当地
参考例句:
  • He did not sound unduly worried at the prospect.他的口气听上去对前景并不十分担忧。
  • He argued that the law was unduly restrictive.他辩称法律的约束性有些过分了。
56 virtue BpqyH     
n.德行,美德;贞操;优点;功效,效力
参考例句:
  • He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。
  • You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。
57 miserable g18yk     
adj.悲惨的,痛苦的;可怜的,糟糕的
参考例句:
  • It was miserable of you to make fun of him.你取笑他,这是可耻的。
  • Her past life was miserable.她过去的生活很苦。
58 lashes e2e13f8d3a7c0021226bb2f94d6a15ec     
n.鞭挞( lash的名词复数 );鞭子;突然猛烈的一击;急速挥动v.鞭打( lash的第三人称单数 );煽动;紧系;怒斥
参考例句:
  • Mother always lashes out food for the children's party. 孩子们聚会时,母亲总是给他们许多吃的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Never walk behind a horse in case it lashes out. 绝对不要跟在马后面,以防它突然猛踢。 来自《简明英汉词典》
59 vices 01aad211a45c120dcd263c6f3d60ce79     
缺陷( vice的名词复数 ); 恶习; 不道德行为; 台钳
参考例句:
  • In spite of his vices, he was loved by all. 尽管他有缺点,还是受到大家的爱戴。
  • He vituperated from the pulpit the vices of the court. 他在教堂的讲坛上责骂宫廷的罪恶。
60 theatrical pIRzF     
adj.剧场的,演戏的;做戏似的,做作的
参考例句:
  • The final scene was dismayingly lacking in theatrical effect.最后一场缺乏戏剧效果,叫人失望。
  • She always makes some theatrical gesture.她老在做些夸张的手势。
61 inborn R4wyc     
adj.天生的,生来的,先天的
参考例句:
  • He is a man with an inborn love of joke.他是一个生来就喜欢开玩笑的人。
  • He had an inborn talent for languages.他有语言天分。
62 minor e7fzR     
adj.较小(少)的,较次要的;n.辅修学科;vi.辅修
参考例句:
  • The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
  • I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。
63 drawn MuXzIi     
v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的
参考例句:
  • All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
  • Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。
64 irony P4WyZ     
n.反语,冷嘲;具有讽刺意味的事,嘲弄
参考例句:
  • She said to him with slight irony.她略带嘲讽地对他说。
  • In her voice we could sense a certain tinge of irony.从她的声音里我们可以感到某种讥讽的意味。
65 witty GMmz0     
adj.机智的,风趣的
参考例句:
  • Her witty remarks added a little salt to the conversation.她的妙语使谈话增添了一些风趣。
  • He scored a bull's-eye in their argument with that witty retort.在他们的辩论中他那一句机智的反驳击中了要害。
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