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| People watch the marble grave of French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte, under the Invalides Dome2 in Paris, France Friday Aug.16, 2002. |
For decades, the fate of Napoleon Bonaparte has been debated and studied. Now a French historian is locked in an uphill battle against the government over a DNA test he says could end the doubts.
Historian Bruno Roy-Henry believes British authorities may have removed Napoleon's remains3 before his coffin4 was returned to France in 1840 - and that the body under the gilded5 dome of Les Invalides is that of another man.
But France's Defense6 Ministry7 has refused, at least for now, to allow a DNA test, which Roy-Henry contends would put an end to all questions about the identity of the body in Napoleon's Tomb.
"I have a feeling that the French authorities are very perturbed," Roy-Henry said.
Roy-Henry points to a series of anomalies surrounding Napoleon's death on the South Atlantic island of St. Helena in 1821, and the transfer of his remains to Paris 19 years later.
He cites the disappearance8 of the emperor's silver spurs. These were fastened to Napoleon's boots when he was buried in St. Helena, but missing when the coffin was opened in Paris in 1840. Witnesses to the opening of the coffin said the body appeared well-preserved - not in a state of decomposition9 that one would expect from a body buried 19 years earlier.
To prove his theory, Roy-Henry wrote to France's Defense Ministry last month to request a DNA test on a strand10 of Napoleon's hair.
Doctors took the strand from the body currently lying in Les Invalides just before the coffin arrived in Paris. It was later given to Bonaparte's nephew, Emperor Napoleon III, before being put in a permanent exhibit at the Army Museum in Paris in 1936.
"The simplest way to put an end to all of this is a DNA test, but it has been refused," said Roy-Henry. "So I have deduced that there is something to hide."
The ministry also told Roy-Henry he must seek the agreement of Napoleon's descendants, some of whom live in Italy and the emperor's birthplace of Corsica, to provide a DNA sample before the case can proceed further.
But what would have been the British motive11 for removing the body? The circumstances surrounding Napoleon's death are a subject of fierce debate.
While textbooks say Napoleon died of stomach cancer, claims that the British poisoned him with arsenic12 are rife13. If that were the case, they would have tried to hide the crime, Roy-Henry argued.
He concedes that there is no proof for any of those theories. But a DNA test could at least settle the question about who lies in the tomb.
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