Kung Pao chicken 宫保鸡丁

 

Ding Baozhen, a 19th-century Qing Dynasty official and governor of Sichuan Province, is the man who inspired this dish. The title derives¹ from 'Gong Bao' which translates as 'Palace Guardian²', his official title. The sweet and spicy³ stir-fried chicken and peanut dish, flavored with chilies⁴ and Sichuan peppercorns, is said to have been a personal favorite.

宫保鸡丁是19世纪清朝官员、四川总督丁宝桢发明的。菜名里的“宫保”是丁宝桢的官衔。这道甜辣口的菜肴由鸡肉和花生米炒制而成，配以辣椒和花椒调味，据说是丁宝桢的最爱。

 

Beef Wellington 惠灵顿牛排

 

In the 1960s, beef Wellington was a popular choice on menus. While it's named after the Duke of Wellington, a British military hero who defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, the dish of meat wrapped in pastry⁵ – or an earlier example of it – was already commonplace. Its Duke-inspired name seems to have been added later.

在20世纪60年代，惠灵顿牛排是一道颇具人气的菜肴。虽然这道菜是以在滑铁卢战役中击败拿破仑的英国战斗英雄惠灵顿公爵命名的，但是用酥皮包裹着肉的做法在此之前就已经很常见了，惠灵顿的名字似乎是后来加上去的。

 

Graham crackers⁶ 全麦饼干

 

It was a man of God, no less, who encouraged the consumption of the fiber-rich crackers that carry his name. The Reverend Sylvester Graham was a 19th-century Presbyterian minister and advocate of the temperance movement. He believed the plain, grain-based biscuit to make people more wholesome⁷ and avoid giving in to vices⁸.

Graham crackers意思是全麦饼干，这个名称也来自于一位名人。西尔维斯特·格雷厄姆（Sylvester Graham）是19世纪长老会的牧师，也是禁酒运动的倡导者，他提倡食用这种以自己名字命名的高纤维饼干。格雷厄姆认为这种谷物饼干更加健康，能帮助人们戒掉恶习。

 

Cappuccino 卡布奇诺

 

There's not one person behind the name cappuccino but a whole order – the Capuchin friars. The brown color of their robes is said to have inspired coffee makers⁹ in 19th-century Vienna, where milk was first added to the drink. However, it didn't get its signature foamy¹⁰ top until later, in Italy, when espresso machines were invented.

卡布奇诺这个名字的起源不是某个人，而是一群人——卡布钦修士。据说，他们棕色的长袍给19世纪维也纳的咖啡师带来灵感，于是咖啡师首次将牛奶添加到咖啡中。然而，直到意大利人发明了浓缩咖啡机后，卡布奇诺才加入标志性的奶泡。

 

Martini 马天尼

 

The truth behind the moniker of the world's most sophisticated cocktail¹¹ is disappointingly prosaic¹². The most likely reason is it was named after Alessandro Martini, one of the founders¹³ of Martini & Rossi who manufacture vermouth, a key element of the drink.

令人失望的是，世界上最复杂的鸡尾酒名字背后的故事却平淡无奇。马天尼最可能是以亚历山德罗·马天尼的名字命名的，他是马天尼酒庄的创始人之一。该酒庄生产这款酒饮的关键成分苦艾酒。

 

Eggs Benedict 班尼迪克蛋

 

There is more than one assertion as to who inspired eggs Benedict, the dish of a toasted English muffin topped with poached eggs, bacon and hollandaise sauce. Several names – Wall Street broker¹⁴ Lemuel Benedict, the Le Grand Benedict family, and banker E.C. Benedict – have been put forward, but it could also be an Americanized version of the French dish les œufs à la bénédictine.

班尼迪克蛋是一种烤英式松饼，上面覆盖着水煮蛋、培根和荷兰酱。关于这个名字的来历，有不止一种说法，有可能来自华尔街股票经纪人勒缪尔·本尼迪克特、大本尼迪克特家族或银行家E.C.本尼迪克特。但这道菜也可能是法国菜lesœufsála bénédictine的美国化版本。

 

Margherita pizza 玛格丽特披萨

 

One of the more simple pizzas but one that endures, a margherita is a classic choice. A pizza base topped with basil, cheese and tomato (the colors represent the Italian flag), it was created by Raffaele Esposito, the owner of a pizzeria in Naples, to celebrate Queen Margherita of Savoy's visit in 1889. It may have existed before, but that is when it became popular.

玛格丽特披萨是一款简单而经典的选择。这款披萨的面饼上覆盖着罗勒、奶酪和西红柿。1889年，那不勒斯披萨店老板拉斐尔·埃斯波西托为庆祝萨伏依玛格丽特王后的到访而制作了这款披萨。在此之前，玛格丽特披萨可能就已经存在，但直到那时才流行起来。