Lesson 5 Is It Good for Students to Have Part-time Jobs？
　　Text School Part-timers More and more high school students in Beijing are turning their minds to ways of making money. They are capitalizing on opportunities such as one group of students who went to the front gate of the Children's Centre in the East District of Beijing when a film studio was there conducting auditions¹. The group sold the young hopefuls application forms at five fen² a piece after getting the forms from the centre for free. Young entrepreneurs are also capitalizing on high demand eommodities not always available away from the big shopping centres. Birthday or greeting cards are an example. One department store estimated that 80 per cent of its sales of cards are to students for resale. Xiao Li, a junior high school student at Fengtai District in the southwest region of the capital, spent 40 yuan buying cards from downtown shops just before the last Spring Festival.
　　She sold them at her school and schools nearby at prices 15 to 20 per cent higher than what she had paid. In a month, she earned 100 yuan, representing a 250 per cent return on her initial investment. A senior high school student who had been selling cards has now become an amateur wholesale³ dealer⁴. His wholesale price is 8 per cent higher than his purchasing price and 10 per cent lower than the retail⁵ price. Within two months, he had earned several hundred yuan in profits.
　　Many students have merged⁶ their activities to avoid price wars. For example, in an area with few State-owned shops and far from the city centre, student union heads from the schools there have reached an agreement on card prices. The agreement says prices may be higher than at the downtown shops but lower than at the peddlers' stalls. Card-selling is just a beginning. Some students turn their eyes to other more profitable ventures.
　　Take one senior high school sophomore⁷ who has developed a flourishing business selling photos of famous people. He even has his own name card that reads： The High School Student Corporation Ltd of Exploitation of New Technology. The student carries a portfolio⁸ of the photos around with him in. an atbum to show his young customers. He offers a wide variety of photos, from American movie star Sylvester Stallone in Rambo pose to Taiwan's famous singer Qi Qin.
　　“These all depend on my high quality camera, ” he boasts and explains how he clipped the pictures from magazines, photographed them and then developed the prints into various sizes. He has sold hundreds. Another student is now an amateur salesman for a company and earns a three per cent commission on each sale. When he had earned 300 yuan through his own efforts, he said, “I feel that I have really become an adult.”
　　Most of the money the students earn is spent on theraselves. They can buy high-priced items like a pair of running shoes which can cost as much as 100 yuan-a month' s salary for an average worker. Few parents can afford such luxuries. Some students find work to help them realize their dreams of a career. Qian Qian wants to become an actress. In her spare time she attends a class outside school that costs 80 yuan a month in tuition, an amount which her parents cannot afford to pay. So she found a job as a waitress in a coffee house to earn her tuition fee.
　　Some students get into business for other reasons besides the money. Zou Yue, a female student, from a fairly wealthy family, took a job because, she said, “Business can cultivate a sense of competition, which is very important for us in the future. A student who once sold cards said young people are encouraged to be independent.”But how？“ he asked. ”You can never be independent unless you can support yourself financially.
　　He felt after-school work enhanced a young person's social development, too. Practical experience in the workforce⁹ has been stipulated¹⁰ by the State Commission of Education as a compulsory¹¹ programme. This is now closely related with economic benefits fits among high school students. One student, sent by her school to work as a shop assistant at a temple fair, earned five yuan a day for a.seven-hour shift behind the counter.
　　“I had a sore throat after working for a few days, but I had to hold on, ” she said.“I wanted to earn the-money and also prove that I was an able girl. ”These temporary job stints¹² give high school students an insight into what work and incomes are all about. A job at a State-owned cinema may only earn a worker 40 or 50 yuan a month. But a job with a self-employed trader, may earn the assistant 8 or 10 yuan a day. A writer may get about 20 yuan for an article in a newspaper or a magazine, but a clothes keeper in a swimming pool may earn at least 200 yuan a month.
　　II. Read Read the following passages. Underline the important viewpoints while reading. 1. Jobs Attracting Drop-outs At quitting time, a throng¹³ of very young workers walked tiredly out of the gate of the Lihua Printworks, a township enterprise in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, Guangdong Province. Fifty per cent were only 13 years old on the average, while the oldest were no more than 17.
　　The teen-agers had to work 14 or 15 hours a day. They started at 7 a. m. every day and had to work until noon. After a one-hour lunch break they worked to 6 p.m. and then had another one-hour rest. Then they went to supper and went back to work again for three or four hours. Although life was very hard, none of them left. They earned 100 yuan a month. “I have much more money than my father, who is a middle school teacher, ？a girl said proudly.
　　In Linxia, the capital of Hui Autonomous¹⁴ Prefecture in Gansu Province, dozens of mosques¹⁵ were erected¹⁶, attracting both tourists and pedlars. At the stands that sold beef, vegetables, fruits and books, children were doing business. The oldest were no more than 16 and the youngest about six. One child weighed a kilogram of apples on his balance scale. When he lifted it, the pan of the balance touched his feet. He staggered among the bustling¹⁷ crowds of tourists crying out for business.
　　Since the Spring Festival of 1988, more than 1, 000 primary and middle school students at Yulin prefecture in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region have left home to work in factories in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone and Dongwan County in Guangdong Province.
　　Twelve students from the Xingchang Middle School in I.anzhou, Gansu Province, quit school. They left a letter that said：“Dear teacher： We are grown up. Since you taught us to be independent and selfsupporting, we are beginning now.” These children, whose parents are all well educated, were good   students in their class.
　　Not far away from Xi' an, an ancient capital in Shaanxi Province, there was a cave dwelling¹⁸ in which more than 30 youths were living. They were all boys between the ages of 11 and 18. “we came out to find a new life,” said one boy. But life was not as beautiful as they had dreamed. They had no job and no money. Eventually, they gathered there. In Guangzhou 77 per cent of the juvenile¹⁹ delinquents²⁰ under 18 were found to be truants²¹.
　　China News Service reported that it,s very difficult for well-known professors in the universities in Guangzhou to enroll²² their students.When a medical college planned to enroll 33 students, only 26 people applied²³ . In March, 1988, a post-graduate majoring in mechanical engineering in Shanghai Jiaotong University, who came from a remote rural area, asked for permission to quit school. He said that for the sake of changing his backward hometown, he decided²⁴ to return and do something for it. But he did not go back home； he became a businessman in Shanghai.
　　“After three years of study, we will finally get our master's degree and 86.50 yuan as a monthly salary. That can not buy two sweaters. Knowledge is too cheap, ”said a graduate student who had quit school. In 1988, when the State Commission of Education decided to try a new method of job assignment in some universities, letting the graduates choose their own jobs, and vice-versa, it unexpectedly disrupted the education process itself. Every college student and graduate was busy looking for jobs. They had no time to study.
　　“We have no iron rice bowls. The earlier we find a job the better,” said a student. A wave of quitting school and going into business has swept the campuses of many universities and colleges in China. After the chaotic²⁵ 10-year-long “cultural revolution'？ China had a shortage of 60 million engineers. Now it seems there is a second crisis. Only 11. 8 out of every 10, 000 people are receiving a higher education, 429. 1 studying in high school and 1, 324. 7 in primary school. More and more illiterates²⁶ are living in the society.

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