重点解析:When的用法小结
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
 一、作为副词,它有以下的用法:

  1. 作为疑问副词,引导特殊疑问句,意为“什么时候;何时”。

  如: ( 1 ) When will they come back?

  ( 2 ) What time will they come back?

  回答 when 引导的从句,不一定指出具体的时间点。如回答句( 1 )可用 tomorrow, next month 等。而回答 what time 引导的问句,则必须说出具全的时间点,如 at two o'clock, at five past ten 等。

  2. 作连接副词,引导名词性从句或不定式,意为“什么时候”。从句使用陈述句语序,时态根据实际情况而定。

  如: ( 1 ) I'd like to know when they will come. 我想知道他们什么时候来。( when 引导宾语从句)

  ( 2 ) Can you tell me when the bank opens? 你能告诉我银行什么时候开门吗?( when 引导宾语从句)

  ( 3 ) When she'll be back depends much on the weather. 她何时回来在很大程度上取决于天气。( when 引导主语从句)

  ( 4 ) Have you decided1 when to go sightseeing? 你们已经决定什么时候去郊游了吗?( when 引导不定式结构)

  3. 作疑问代词,常和介词 since, till, up to 等连用,意为“什么时候”。

  如: ( 1 ) Since when have they had the house? 他们从什么时候起有这幢房子的?

  ( 2 ) Till when is the library open? 图书馆开放到几点呢?

  4. 作关系副词,引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

  如: ( 1 ) The days are gone forever2 when the Chinese people were looked down upon3. 中国人民被人轻视的日子一去不复返了。

  ( 2 ) The main school holidays are from mid-December till early February, when the days are long and warm. 学校的主要假期是从 12 月中旬到 2 月初,这段时间里白天长而且很温暖。

  ( 3 ) Considering (the time) when these paintings were done, they are in excellent condition4. 考虑到这些油画的创作时期,它们保存的状况是极好的。

  ( 4 ) Do you remember (the time) when the three of us went on a picnic? 你还记得我们三个人去野餐的那段时光吗?

  在定语从句中, that 在某些条件下可用来代替 when ,这时其先行词通常是 time, day, moment, year 等。

  如: ( 1 ) His mother died on the evening that he was born. 他母亲死于他出生的那晚。

  ( 2 ) I stay at home on the days that I am not busy. 在我不忙的时候,我就呆在家里。

  在某些含有“时间”的名词词组后面,由于该名词不表示时间,或整个名词词组已用作连词,所以不用 when 引导。如: the moment, the instant5, the minute, the second 等等,意为“一……就……”,引导时间状语从句。

  如: ( 1 ) The first time I went to China, I visited Beijing. 我第一次来中国就游览了北京。

  ( 2 ) I thought her nice and honest the first time I met her. 我第一次见到她时就认为她很诚实。

  ( 3 ) The instant I saw him I knew he was my brother. 我一看到他就知道他是我兄弟。

  二、作为从属连词,引导状语从句,表示多种语法意义:

  1. 表示时间,意为“当……时;在……的时候”。

  A. 在时间、条件等状语从句里,用一般现在时表示将来时;当需要表达将来完成的意义时,必须使用现在完成时来代替。

  如: ( 1 ) When you see him, please say hello to him. 见到他时,代我问他好。

  ( 2 ) When you have finished your experiment, please tidy the lab and put everything back in the cupboards. 当你们做完实验后,请把实验室整理好并把物品放回柜子中。

  B. 表示过去发生的事情,在 when 引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中,动作发生在先的用过去完成时,在后的用过去时。

  如: ( 1 ) When I was in Japan, I bought some beautiful pearls6. 我在日本时,买了一些漂亮的珍珠。

  ( 2 ) When I reached the station, the train had left. 当我到达火车站时,火车已经开走了。

  2. 表示前面的叙述所没有提到过的信息。它总是对所描述的事件予以引人注目的强调,意为“这时;突然”;当位于句末的分句具有引种用法时,大致有以下三种情况:

  A. when 分句前面的分句使用过去进行时。

  如: ( 1 ) He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. 他正笑着的时候,门突然开了,他妻子走了进来。

  ( 2 ) I was thinking7 of this when I heard my name called. 我正想着这件事时,突然听到有人叫我的名字。

  B. when 分句前面的分句使用 was (were) about to, was (were) on the point 等。

  如: ( 1 ) We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们刚要出发就开始下雨了。

  ( 2 ) He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他刚要走就有人敲门。

  C. when 分句之前的分句用过去完成时,其中 sb had hardly / scarcely8 /barely … when 已成为固定词组。如:

  ( 1 ) We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang. 我们刚刚入睡,铃声就响了起来。

  ( 2 ) He had scarcely arrived when he had to leave again. 他刚刚到达就又要离开了。

  3. 表示条件,相当于 if ,引导条件状语从句。

  如: How can I get a job when I can't even read or write? 如果我连读和写都不会,我怎么能找到工作呢?

  4. 表示对比,主要有以下两种情况:

  A. 相当于 whereas9, while, since, 意为“既然;然而”。

  如: ( 1 ) How can I help them to understand when they won't listen to me? 既然他们不愿听我的,我又怎么能帮助他们弄明白呢?

  ( 2 ) They have only three copies when we need five. 他们只有三本,而我们却需要五本。

  B. when 从句中使用虚拟语气,意为“本来……却……”。

  如: ( 1 ) She paid when she could have entered free. 本来可以免费入场,而她却付了款。

  ( 2 ) She stopped trying when she might have succeeded next time. 她本来下次有可能获得成功,但她却不再尝试了。

  ( 3 ) They were gossiping, when they should have been working. 他们本该工作,却在那里说别人的闲话。

  5. 由 when 等引导的状语从句,如果主语与主句的主语一致或是 it ,谓语动词又含 be 动词时,主语和 be 动词常常被省略,就变成“ when + V-ing/ V-ed/ adj/ 介词词组”的结构。

  如: ( 1 ) When in Rome10, do as Romans11 do. 入乡随俗。

  ( 2 ) When (we are ) young, we are full of hope. 年轻时,我们大家总是充满希望。

  ( 3 ) Don't reach sideways12 when standing13 on a ladder. 站在梯子上时,不要侧着身子去够东西。



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
2 forever ai8xi     
adv.(=for ever)永远;总是
参考例句:
  • Teacher is powerful in a child's eyes forever.老师在孩子们的心中永远是强者。
  • You can't depend on your parents forever.你不能永远依赖你父母。
3 upon PjCwJ     
prep.在……上面
参考例句:
  • I hope that fortune may smile upon you.我希望幸运之神会向你微笑。
  • I rely upon you to finish the work on time.我相信你会准时完成这项工作的。
4 condition qYYyn     
n.条件,状况,情况,地位;v.调节,制约,以…为条件
参考例句:
  • The house is in a good condition.房子条件良好。
  • His condition has more or less improved.他的情况多少有些改善。
5 instant V6XxM     
adj.紧迫的;立即的;本月的;已配制好的时刻;瞬息,霎时
参考例句:
  • If you don't leave this instant,I will scream.你要是不马上离开,我就喊了。
  • It all happened in an instant.这一切都发生在一刹那间。
6 pearls 993533c4de223361ee7cd3be7404e68b     
n.珍珠( pearl的名词复数 );珍品;人造珍珠;珠状物
参考例句:
  • a necklace of rubies intertwined with pearls 缠着珍珠的红宝石项链
  • a string of pearls 一挂珍珠
7 thinking ggzz2u     
n.思考,思想;adj.思考的,有理性的;vbl.想,思考
参考例句:
  • All thinking men will protest against it.凡是有思想的人都会抗议这件事。
  • Thinking is mainly performed with words and other symbols.思想主要是用言语和其他符号来表达的。
8 scarcely Vj6zJq     
adv.几乎不,简直没有,勉强
参考例句:
  • He found the dullness of his work scarcely bearable.他觉得他的工作枯燥乏味,简直无法忍受。
  • She scarcely earns enough money to make ends meet.她几乎挣不到足够的钱以维持开支。
9 whereas XgQwB     
conj.而,却,反之
参考例句:
  • They want a house,whereas we would rather live in a flat.他们想要一座房子,而我们宁愿住在一套房间里。
  • Some praise him,whereas others condemn him.有些人赞扬他,而有些人谴责他。
10 Rome Pjszih     
n.罗马(意大利首都)
参考例句:
  • I have not been to either Paris or Rome.我既没有到过巴黎也没有到过罗马。
  • We're leaving for Rome next week.我们下星期要到罗马去。
11 Romans 29a673ce0a8e68c6cd6b13553bb61539     
n.(中的一卷);古罗马共和国或帝国的人( Roman的名词复数 );罗马市民;天主教教徒
参考例句:
  • The Romans were the first to utilize concrete as a building material. 罗马人首先使用混凝土作建筑材料。
  • The Romans founded a great city on the banks of this river. 罗马人在这河岸上建立了一座大城市。 来自《简明英汉词典》
12 sideways krPyw     
adv.向旁边,斜地里,向侧面地;adj.旁边的,向侧面的
参考例句:
  • The boy gave the girl a sideways look.这男孩斜视了那姑娘一眼。
  • He looked sideways at me in the meeting.他在会议上斜着眼看我。
13 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
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