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1. 聘it作形式定语
动词不定式作宾语且过长时常请it作形式宾语,而让真正的宾语——不定式断后。例如: The man downstairs2 found3 it hard to fall asleep4. 2. 小品词to 的回避与复出 许多动词如teach,ask (要;让),tell,beg 等后常有带to的动词不定式作宾补;但let,have,make (让;使),feel,hear 等后作宾补的不定式结构,to 要回避。但在被动语态里to须“重出江湖”;help 后作宾补的不定式可加to,也可省略to.例如: The policeman made5 the young woman move her car. The young woman was6 made to move her car by the policeman. [提示] 对不定式进行否定可在其前加not.如:let sb not do sth; tell sb not to do sth. 把直接引语为祈使句的句子变为间接引语,直接引语一般转换成不定式作宾补。例如: The policeman said7. “Don’t play football in the street,children!” The policeman asked the children not to play football in the street. 3. 回答原因,作目的状语 不定式(短语)常跟在come, go, run, hurry 等动词后作目的状语;或以“in order8 to +动词原形”、“so as1 to +动词原形”等形式出现,或回答what . . . for? / why . . . ?问句。例如: -Hi, Peter! Why are you in such9 a hurry? -To catch the 7:30 train. [提示] 有时目的状语可置于句首,意为“为了……”,相当于in order to.例如: To catch the bus, you must get up early. 在stop后的动词不定式其实是作目的状语,意为“停下来做另一件事”。例如: Let’s stop to have a meal10. I know a good restaurant near here. 4. 作状语,简化相应的复合句 作结果状语的不定式常以“enough to . . . ,only to . . . , too . . . to . . . ”等形式出场,并能简化成so . . . that . . . 句式。例如: Liu Mei was so lucky11 that she received13 many books from Project14 Hope15. Liu Mei was lucky enough to receive12 many books from Project Hope. 5. 作后置定语 作定语时,不定式(短语)常置于被修饰的名词、不定代词等之后。例如: Now China is the third country to send its astronauts16 into space after Russia17 and the US. [提示]如果不定式(短语)是不及物动词,其后应有必要的介词/副词。例如: I found a nice place for him to live in. 6. 不定式be to do sth可表将来 be to do sth 表将来,意为“将要做某事”。例如: Our train is to leave at eight. 7. 时代弄潮儿——“疑问词+不定式” “疑问词+不定式”结构中的疑问词包括疑问代词which, who (m), what 和疑问副词how, when, where 等,并常简化相应的从句,但当主句与从句的主语不一致时,不定式常用被动形式。例如: The little girl wanted to know when her father could18 take her to Pairs. The little girl wanted to know when to be taken to Pairs by her father. 点击收听单词发音
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