2007年初中英语期末总复习之词汇篇-上
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  期末总复习之词汇篇
  易混词大盘点

  从近年来的中考题可以看出命题者的目的都是要考查学生对一些较易混淆、形式上非常相近的词(词组)是否能掌握扎实,是否熟悉每个词组的中文意思并能在句子中熟练运用。要想做对以上出现的类似的中考考题,考生必须能总结清各种初中阶段所学过的较易混淆、形式上非常相近的词(词组),熟记所有词组的中文意思,熟悉它们的用法和区别。为了方便同学们复习,特将常考易混词(词组)整理如下:

  一、容易混淆的动词:

  [考试说明] 了解及物动词和不及物动词用法;掌握动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、状语以及疑问词连用构成不定式短语的基本用法;理解动词不定式作主语和定语的用法;初步掌握延续性动词和瞬间动词在用法上的区别等。

  1. come & be here

  [误] He has come here for three hours.

  [正] He came1 here three hours ago.

  [正] He has been here for three hours.

  come是瞬间动词,不是延续性动词,在肯定句中不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。而要与表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用延续动词。

  与此同类的还有borrow/lend3-keep; join-be in/at; die-be dead4; buy-have; leave-be away,etc.

  2. cost5 & take & spend & pay6

  [误] I cost a lot of time to read stories.

  [正] It cost me a lot of time to read stories.

  [正] I spent a lot of time reading7 stories.

  cost除了钱的花费以外,还能表示时间上的花费,但常用物做主语。spend句子主语是人,可指花费时间和金钱,但后面的动词要用-ing形式,后面也可跟名词短语,介词用on。pay句子主语是人,常与for连用,buy也常与for连用,但花费“钱”要放在介词for后面,而pay则放在介词for前面。

  3. join & take part8 in

  [误] He joined the League9 for two years.

  [正] He joined the League two years ago.

  [正] He has been in the League for two years.

  [正] He has been a League member for two years.

  join指“参加”组织,成为一个成员,join sb.意思是“加入某人”,take part in指参加活动特别是大的运动;如指“参加…多长时间”就要用延续动词be in或be a …member,而不能用join。

  4. borrow2 & lend & keep

  [误] She has lent10 me the book for a week.

  [正] She lent me the book a week ago.

  [正] It’s a week since11 she lent me the book.

  borrow和lend是短暂性动词,在肯定句里不和表示一段时间的状语连用,keep延续动词,可与表示一段时间的状语连用。

  borrow意思是“借(进)”,后面跟介词from,lend意思是“借(出)”,后面跟介词to,lend也可用于某些成语中,如lend sb. a hand。

  5. lie12 & lay13 & lain14

  [误] She laid15 down the book and laid in bed.

  [正] She laid down the book and lay in bed.

  lie有两个意思,一个是“说谎”,过去式和过去分词是在词尾加-d;另一个是“躺,卧;位于”,是不规则动词,其过去式和过去分词是lay、lain,现在分词是lying。

  lay意思是“放;孵(蛋)”,其过去式和过去分词是laid、laid。

  6. be made16 in & be made of & be made from & be made up of

  [误] The table is made from wood.

  [正] The table is made of wood.

  be made in意思是“由……生产”,强调产地;be made of意思是“用……制成”,强调从成品上能看出原料,制成物没改变原料的本质;be made from意思也是“用……制成”,强调从制成物上看不出原料,制成物已改变原料的本质;be made up of意思是“由……构成或组成”,指人或物都可,指结构成分。

  7. stop to do & stop doing

  [误] He was17 too tired, so he stopped having a rest.

  [正] He was too tired, so he stopped to have a rest.

  [误] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop to talk.

  [正] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop talking.

  stop to do意思是“停下(正做的事)(开始)去做(别的某事)”,带to的不定式在句子中作目的状语;stop doing意思“停止做某事(不做了)”,带-ing形式的动名词在句子中作宾语。
  二、容易混淆的名词:
  [考试说明] 了解名词在句中所充当的成分,理解并能区别所学的可数名词和不可数名词;熟练掌握所学可数名词复数形式的构成,在口语和书面语的表达中正确运用;掌握物质名词及其数量的表达方法;了解专有名词的概念及一般用法;熟练掌握所学名词所有格的用法;了解集合名词和抽象名词的概念及一般用法。

  1. job & work

  [误] I’m busy today, for I have a lot of jobs to do.

  [正] I’m busy today, for I have a lot of work to do.

  job意思是a piece of work,指已做或要做、应做的具体的某种工作,实际含义是“职业”,而work通常指抽象意义上的工作,是不可数名词,也可指“工作场所”。

  2. by train & change trains

  [误] We came here by the train.

  [正] We came here by train.

  [正] We came here on/in the train.

  [误] We have to change the train at the next station.

  [正] We have to change trains at the next station.

  train意思是“火车”,表示“乘火车”,用by train或on/ the train,表示“换火车”,train必须用复数形式,且前面不加限定词。
  三、容易混淆的形容词:
  [考试说明] 熟练掌握形容词作定语、表语及宾语补足语的用法;熟练掌握表示时间、地点、方式、程度、原因等疑问副词的用法;熟练掌握形容词、副词比较等级的构成和good、well、many、much等不规则变化;掌握little、far、ill、bad、badly等不规则变化;能熟练运用下列句型表示两者(人或事物)和三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较;初步掌握用much、little等副词在用法上的区别。

  1. any & some

  [误] Have you got18 some money with you?

  [正] Have you got any money with you?

  [误] Would19 you like any milk?

  [正] Would you like some milk?

  any和some意思是“一些”,用作定语,可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。any多用于否定句和疑问句,some多用于肯定句。

  但如果说话人表示“请求,提议”或“希望得到肯定回答”的意义时,some也可用在疑问句中;some还可用于单数名词前,表示未知或说话人不想特别说明的人、地、物等,意思是“某一,某个”。

  如果表示“任何,无论哪个”时,any可用在肯定句中。

  2. either20 & each & both & neither21 & every

  [误] There are many flowers on either side22 of the street.

  [误] There are many flowers on neither side of the street.

  [误] There are many flowers on each sides23 of the street.

  [正] There are many flowers on both sides of the street.

  [正] There are many flowers on each side of the street.

  [误] Every student has not finished24 their homework.

  [正] No student has finished their homework.

  either意思是“两者之一的”,each意思是“任意一个的”,neither意思是“两者都不的”,every强调整体,意思是“个个”。

  3. few25/little & a few /a little

  [误] Sorry, I have few money on me.

  [正] Sorry, I have little money on me.

  [误] Her books are few.

  [正] She has few books.

  [误] The work needs a few number of workers.

  [正] The work needs a small number of workers.

  [正] The work needs a few workers.

  few后跟可数名词复数,little后跟不可数名词,都表示“几乎没有”的否定性意思;a few和a little区别也在于前者跟可数名词,后者跟不可数名词,都表示“有几个”的肯定性意思。

  4. no & not

  no意思是“没有”,可以否定一切名词,修饰不可数名词和可数名词的复数时等于not any,修饰可数名词单数时等于not a/an;如果被修饰的名词通常情况下只有一个,则用它的单数形式;不能用a、the、all、every等限制词之前,而not可以。

  not意思是“不,不是”,可以否定一切动词,修饰动词。

  no more than意思是“不过,仅仅”,相当于only,修饰“数量”词,强调“少”的含义;not more than意思是“至多,不多于,不超过”,用于陈述事实;no more…than和not more…than多用于多音节形容词的比较级。

  5. already26 & yet27 & still

  [误] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had28 taken off29 yet.

  [正] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had taken off already.

  [正] When we arrived at the airport, the plane had already taken off.

  already意思是“已经”,一般用于肯定句,常与完成时连用,常用于句中;yet意思是“已经,还”,一般用于否定句和疑问句,常用于句末;still意思是“仍然,还是”,强调动作在进行,主要用于肯定句,常用于句中。

  6. also & too & either & so & neither & nor30

  [误] My parents didn’t like swimming, nor did31 his.

  [正] My parents didn’t like swimming, neither did his.

  also用于肯定句,一般放在行为动词之前、助动词、情态动词、系动词之后,too一般用于肯定句末,前面常用逗号;either一般用于否定句末,前面也用逗号;so置于句首,引起句子倒装,表示前面所讲的情况也适用于另一个人或物,具有否定的意思;so后的主语与前一句主语是同一个人或物时,后面的主谓不倒装,表示“确实如此”;neither置于句首,引起句子倒装,表示前面所讲的情况不适用于另一个人或物,具有否定的意思;nor常与not连用,表示“也不”,neither和nor都可用来对前面的否定陈述加以补充,如果补充的成分否定的不是同一事物,同一内容,就只能用nor,不可用neither;当否定的并列分句有两个以上时,只能用nor,因为neither只能指两者中的一个,nor指三个以上的另一个。

  7. sometimes & sometime32 & some time & some times

  [误] You can only keep the book for sometime.

  [正] You can only keep the book for some time.

  sometimes是频度副词,意思是“有时,不时”,常与一般现在时或一般过去时连用;sometime是副词,意思是“在某个不确定的时间,在某个时候,某时”,可与将来时或过去时连用;some time是名词词组,意思是“一段时间”,做时间状语,也可用作副词词组,用来指一个未肯定的时刻,常指将来,此时可与sometime通用;some times是名词词组,意思是“几次,几倍”。

 



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 came xTYyl     
v.动词come的过去式
参考例句:
  • I was surprised why he came here so early.他为什么那么早到这里,我很惊奇。
  • The doctor came in time to save his life.医生及时来抢救他的生命。
2 borrow LRLyI     
vt.借,借入,借用;vi.借
参考例句:
  • Can I borrow two books at a time?我可以一次借两本书吗?
  • You can borrow this dictionary from the library.你可以从图书馆借到这本字典。
3 lend 917xa     
v.把…借给;借给
参考例句:
  • Would you lend me some money?能借我一些钱吗?
  • They had no reading books to lend.他们没有阅读用书可以出借。
4 dead cyRxQ     
adj.死的;无生命的;死气沉沉的;adv.完全地
参考例句:
  • Mary threw away the dead flowers.玛丽把枯萎的花扔掉了。
  • He was dead asleep.他完全睡着了。
5 cost 2zaxi     
n.价钱,费用,成本;损失,牺牲
参考例句:
  • What does the book cost?这本书值多少?
  • He saved his daughter at the cost of his life.他以牺牲自己的生命挽救了女儿。
6 pay NL6xI     
v.付钱;n.付钱;薪金
参考例句:
  • How much did you pay?你付了多少钱?
  • His pay is below the average.他的工资低于一般水平。
7 reading YiGyU     
n.阅读,知识,读物,表演,对法律条文的解释;adj.阅读的
参考例句:
  • Children learn reading and writing at school.孩子们在学校学习阅读和写作。
  • He finds pleasure in reading.他从阅读中得到乐趣。
8 part m45zX     
n.部份,零件;角色,部位;vt.分开,分离,分配;vi.分离,离开;adv.部份地;adj.分离的
参考例句:
  • This is the broken part.这就是损坏的部件。
  • Which part do you play?你演哪一个角色?
9 league g1Dxq     
n.同盟,联盟,社团,联合会
参考例句:
  • I'll never forget the day when I joined the Youth League.我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。
  • Half of the students in our class are League members.我们班有一半学生是团员。
10 lent n3FyB     
v.把…借给( lend的过去式和过去分词 );贷(款);增加;增添
参考例句:
  • I've lent the car to a friend. 我把车借给一位朋友了。
  • My parents lent me the money. Otherwise, I couldn't have afforded the trip. 我父母借钱给我了。否则,我可付不起这次旅费。
11 since syswX     
adv.后来;conj.既然,因为,自从;prep.自从
参考例句:
  • He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后,他就一直在一家银行工作。
  • I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。
12 lie 49VzY     
n.谎话;谎言;vi.躺;平放;展现;展开;位于;vt.说谎;躺
参考例句:
  • We are looking for a place to lie.我们在找躺的地方。
  • What did I lie about?我撒了什么谎?
13 lay A1xxw     
(lie的过去式和过去分词);vt.击,放置,产卵,使平静,打赌,压平,设计;vi.生蛋,打赌,全力以赴;n.隐蔽处,计划,价格,生蛋,叙事诗,诗歌;adj.世俗的,外行的
参考例句:
  • Please lay the knife on the dish.请把刀放在盘子上。
  • All birds lay eggs.鸟都下蛋。
14 lain d189031947db67dd16c3c2b502f55ca2     
v.位于( lie的过去分词 );说谎;展现;说谎
参考例句:
  • The treasure had lain undisturbed for centuries. 那份珍宝安然无恙地存放了几个世纪。
  • I had no sooner lain down than the telephone rang. 我刚躺下,电话铃就响了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
15 laid 82Rx2     
v.打赌( lay的过去式和过去分词 );提出;放置;铺
参考例句:
  • Whole stretches of land were laid waste and depopulated. 一片片土地荒芜,人口减少。
  • a laid-back attitude to life 悠然自得的生活态度
16 made hAgx2     
v.make的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • They were not made in china.它们不是中国制造的。
  • The monkey made a long arm for the peach.猴子伸臂去摘桃子。
17 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
18 got wfuxi     
v.(get的过去式)得到,猜到,明白
参考例句:
  • I just got some bad news.我刚得到一些坏消息。
  • I have got far too much work to do.我要做的事太多了。
19 would 8fPwB     
aux.will的过去式;愿,要;常常;大概;将要,会
参考例句:
  • Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说?
  • Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗?
20 either pq6x9     
adj.任一,两方的;prep.任一,随便任一个;conj.或,也
参考例句:
  • I have bought two books,you can have either.我买了两本书,你要哪一本都可以。
  • I don't think either of them are at home.我想他们中任何一个都不在家。
21 neither nRTzG     
adj.皆不,两不;int.两者都不;conj.既非,既不
参考例句:
  • I don't know that neither.那个我也不知道。
  • He doesn't smoke neither does he drink.他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
22 side Ay6w0     
n.边,旁边;面,侧面
参考例句:
  • The shop is on the west side of the street.商店在街道的西边。
  • There was a lot of people on every side. 到处都是人。
23 sides nifz69     
adv.侧&n.提花织机墙板
参考例句:
  • The two sides signed a peace accord last July. 在刚过去的七月,双方签订了和平条约。
  • Both sides affirmed their commitment to the ceasefire. 双方均申明答应停火。
24 finished otFzWn     
adj.完成的,精湛的;v.动词finish的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • We finished up everything there was on the table. 我们把桌上的东西全吃完了。
  • We can certainly have the job finished on time.我们肯定能按时完成任务。
25 few kk0x2     
adj.很少的,不多的,少数的;int.少数的
参考例句:
  • There are few woods in that area.那个地区几乎没有森林。
  • I have a few questions.我有些问题要问你。
26 already wLByk     
adv.已经
参考例句:
  • We have eaten already.我们已经吃过了。
  • I've been there already,so I don't want to go again.我早已去过那里了,所以我不想再去了。
27 yet TVOzu     
adv.还,仍然,即刻;conj.尽管,然而
参考例句:
  • I am not ready yet.我还没有准备好。
  • Beautiful as she is,she didn't find a boyfriend yet.尽管她很漂亮,但还没找到男朋友呢。
28 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
参考例句:
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
29 off 7Ilxf     
adj.远的;休假的,空闲的;adv.走开,出发,隔断;prep.离开,脱落,在...之外
参考例句:
  • You'd better cool off first.你最好先冷静下来。
  • I need some time off.我需要一些时间休息。
30 nor 0Hixj     
conj./adv.也不,也没有
参考例句:
  • It is neither hot nor cold in winter here.这里冬天既不热也不冷。
  • She can't get there at four,nor can I.她不能在四点钟到那里,我也不能。
31 did SvwxP     
v.动词do的过去式
参考例句:
  • How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球?
  • Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢?
32 sometime CwGw2     
adv.将来某一时候;改天
参考例句:
  • He came sometime last month.上个月某个时候他曾经来过。
  • It will happen sometime and somewhere.有朝一日这总会在什么地方发生的。
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