英国概况人文知识 1_专业八级

英国概况人文知识 1

文章来源：未知文章作者：enread 发布时间：2021-10-05 13:24 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

1. Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _____.

A. Britain was well placed geographically¹ to participate in European and world trade.

B. Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.

C. British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.

D. British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century.

2. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy³. The _____ has very little power.

A. queen B. monarch² C. prime minister D. king

3. Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?

A. the Labor⁴ Party B. the Conservative Party

C. the Liberal Party D. the Social Democratic Party

4. On accepting ____, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.

A. Constitutional Law B. The Declaration of Independence

C. Civil Law D. Bill of Rights

5. Females were allowed to vote in national elections until ____.

A. 1918 B. 1916 C. 1920 D. 1896

6. The British North America Act of 1867 established ____ as a domain⁵.

A. Australia B. Canada C. New Zealand D. India

7. During World War II, as a war leader, _____ received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.

A. Harold Wilson B. Edward Heath C. Franklin Roosevelt D. Winston Churchill

8. The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and _____.

A. France B. New Zealand C. Argentina D. Australia

9. In Britain, a _____ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.

A. civic⁶ election B. by-election C. popular election D. general election

10. In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _____.

A. the Lord Chancellor⁷ B. the Monarch C. the Prime Minister D. the King

练习题答案及题解:

1. D, 英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原因有很多。但英国是从17世纪以后逐步开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖民地产生浓厚兴趣的。

2. B, 英国是君主立宪制国家，国王或女王（君主）几乎没什么实质性的权力。

3. A, 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。大致来说，保守党是中上层阶级的党，它得到大公司财政上的支持；而工党，主要得到工会的支持，它的支持者主要是中产阶级和知识分子。

4. D, 《权利法案》的签署，标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代，一个君主几乎没有什么实质性权力并受制于议会的时代。

5. A, 直到1918年妇女才在全国大选中享有选举权。

6. B, 《1867年英国北美法案》将加拿大纳为它的自治领。

7. D, 在第二次世界大战中，当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人民的广泛拥戴，并带领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。

8. C, 福克兰群岛战役是发生在英国和阿根廷着这两个国家之间。位于大西洋南部的福克兰群岛从1892年起就是英国的海外殖民地，1982年阿根廷开始控制这些岛屿，但是英国最终打败了阿根廷，并重新占领了这些岛屿。

9. B, 英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。

10. C, 在英国，部长们是由首相推荐，女王加以任命的。

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收听单词发音

1 geographically
adv.地理学上，在地理上，地理方面
参考例句：
Geographically, the UK is on the periphery of Europe. 从地理位置上讲，英国处于欧洲边缘。来自辞典例句 All these events, however geographically remote, urgently affected Western financial centers. 所有这些事件，无论发生在地理上如何遥远的地方，都对西方金融中心产生紧迫的影响。来自名作英译部分

2 monarch
n.帝王，君主，最高统治者
参考例句：
The monarch's role is purely ceremonial.君主纯粹是个礼仪职位。 I think myself happier now than the greatest monarch upon earth.我觉得这个时候比世界上什么帝王都快乐。

3 monarchy
n.君主，最高统治者；君主政体，君主国
参考例句：
The monarchy in England plays an important role in British culture.英格兰的君主政体在英国文化中起重要作用。 The power of the monarchy in Britain today is more symbolical than real.今日英国君主的权力多为象徵性的，无甚实际意义。

4 labor
n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦
参考例句：
We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。 He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

5 domain
n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围
参考例句：
This information should be in the public domain.这一消息应该为公众所知。 This question comes into the domain of philosophy.这一问题属于哲学范畴。

6 civic
adj.城市的，都市的，市民的，公民的
参考例句：
I feel it is my civic duty to vote.我认为投票选举是我作为公民的义务。 The civic leaders helped to forward the project.市政府领导者协助促进工程的进展。

7 chancellor
n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长
参考例句：
They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。 He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

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