1．In the 18th and 19th centuries, the lords had far more influence than it has today and the commons were also really gentry¹ on the edge of aristocracy.

18世纪和19世纪，上议院比今日的影响大的多，并且下议院处于贵族的边缘上，也相当“贵气”。

 

2．The chartist movement was, however, the first nationwide working class movement and drew attention to serious problems.

宪章运动是第一次全国范围的工人运动，引起了对许多严重问题的关注。

 

3．In 1900, representatives of the trade unions, the ILP, and a number of socialist² societies set up the labour representation for the general which changed its name to the labour party in time for the general election for 1906.

1900年，工会代表，独立工党和许多小型社会主义社团一起成立叻工人代表委员会。1906年的大选迫使工人代表委员会及时更名为工党。

 

4．English colonial expansion began with the colonization³ of Newfoundland in 1583. By 1900 Britain had built up a big empire, "on which the sun never set".

英国殖民扩张始于1583年纽芬兰的殖民化，到1900年，英国已经建立了“太阳永不落”的大英帝国。

 

5．During world warⅠ, Britain lost over a million people, most of them under age of 25.

一战中英国死亡100多万人口，大多数为25岁以下的年轻人。

 

6．Chamberlain was not the man to lead his country in such a crisis, Winston Churchill, his first lord of admiralty took over as Prime Minster in 1940.

张伯伦在危急关头不能领导国家，因此他的首相温斯顿·邱吉尔于1940年接替首相职位。

 

7．In January, 1973, Britain finally became a member of the Europe Economic Community, which was established by the Treaty of Rome in 1957.

1973年1月，英国只能终于成为欧洲经济共同体的正式成员国，共同体是根据1957年的《罗马条例》成立的。

 

8．The election of 1979 returned the conservative party to power and Margaret Chatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain.

1979年的选举令保守党再次上台，玛格丽特，撒切尔成为英国首位女首相。

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