HIV-related deaths could be reduced by 20% over the next five years if treatment begins earlier, the World Health Organisation¹ (WHO) says in fresh guidance.

世界卫生组织发布的最新指导称，在未来五年内，如果进行较早治疗，与艾滋病病毒相关的死亡率将降低20%。

The WHO wants treatment to begin even before a patient feels ill

There were over 5m people receiving treatment for the virus at the end of 2009, up more than a million from 2008 - the largest ever increase in a year.

The guidelines would raise the number needing treatment to 15m by 2015.

But there are concerns about funding as countries potentially cut back on aid.

Unveiling its first new guidance for four years at the Aids 2010 conference in Vienna, the WHO says it wants treatment with a cocktail² of drugs to begin before the virus seriously undermines the patient's immune system.

This means changing the threshold（极限，门槛） at which a drugs regimen（养生法，生活规则） should be started from 200 CD4 cells per microlitre of blood to 350, regardless of symptoms. These cells are the key marker of the health of the immune system.

Starting treatment sooner could prevent opportunistic infections（机会感染） such as tuberculosis³（肺结核） , which is the number one killer⁴ of those with HIV.

"In addition to saving lives, earlier treatment also has prevention benefits," says Dr Gottfried Hirnschall WHO director of HIV/Aids.

"Because treatment reduces the level of virus in the body, it means HIV-positive people are less likely to pass the virus on to their partners."

Expanding treatment to more people will push the costs for 2010 up to $9bn, according to UN estimates. But experts stress that extra costs would be more than offset⁵ by decreased hospital costs, increased productivity, fewer children orphaned⁶ by Aids and a fall in new HIV infections.

"The investments we make today can not only save millions of lives but millions of dollars tomorrow," says Dr Bernhard Schwartlander of UNAIDS.

"People with weaker immune systems who come late for treatment require more complex and costly⁷ drugs and services than those who start treatment earlier and are healthier."