Some have already dubbed¹ it the George Clooney Effect: Psychologists in Scotland have found that as women become more financially independent, they want an older, more attractive male partner.

苏格兰心理学家研究发现，女性经济地位越独立，就越想寻觅较年长、更有魅力的男性为伴，有些人称之为乔治·克鲁尼效应。

Studies have previously² found that women place greater emphasis on whether a man can provide for them, while men place more importance on good looks. The new study revealed that as women earn more and become more independent, their tastes actually change.

The finding suggests that greater financial independence gives women greater confidence in choosing their partner. Instinctive³（本能的，直觉的） preferences for material stability and security become less important, physical attractiveness becomes more important, and the age of a woman's partner also increases.

"Previous research shows that men place greater importance on physical attractiveness when picking a partner, whereas women focus much more on whether someone can provide material resources," said lead researcher Dr. Fhionna Moore. "We'd assumed that as women earn more, their partner preferences would actually become more like those of men, with a tendency（倾向，趋势） towards preferring younger, more attractive partners rather than those who can provide and care for children.

Moore added, "However, the preferred age difference did not change as we'd expected - more financially independent women actually preferred even older men. We think this suggests greater financial independence gives women more confidence in partner choices, and attracts them to powerful, attractive older men."

The study was conducted online with 3,770 heterosexual（异性的） participants, about equal numbers of men and woman, who were asked questions about their background and personal situation, and their level of financial independence. Participants ranked a series of criteria⁴（标准，条件） such as physical attraction, financial prospects⁵ and sense of humor in order of importance, with these results matched against their income and financial independence.

"The behavior of men and women does become more similar as women earn more, but only in terms of the importance of physical attraction," Moore added. "But the similarities stop there: Greater income makes women prefer even older men, and men prefer even younger women."

The popular stereotype⁶ of powerful women adopting male patterns of behavior is strongly questioned by these new results.

The research is published in the latest online issue of the journal Evolutionary⁷ Psychology⁸.