New law to abolish laojiao system |
文章来源： 文章作者： 发布时间：2007-03-01 01:36 字体： [ 大 中 小] 进入论坛 |
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March.1 - China is taking a fresh look at abolishing the long-disputed re-education-through-labor system, or laojiao, by proposing a new law which is more lenient1 and protective of the legal rights of minor2 offenders3.
According to the annual legislative4 plan released on Tuesday by the Standing5 Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC), the top legislature, the proposed law on correction of illegal acts is among the 20 draft laws or amendments6 to be discussed this year.
Listed in NPC's annual legislative plan since 2005, the draft law was put aside for two years because of disagreements, and the standing committee said there are still "lots of disagreements" this year.
Law experts have described the law as "a concrete step to protect human rights as endowed by the Constitution".
Laojiao, an administrative7 measure adopted in 1957, empowers the police to sentence a person guilty of such minor offenses9 as petty theft and prostitution, to a maximum of four years' incarceration10.
Under the practice, a judicial11 review by a court can only take place after punishment is imposed.
Ying Songnian, a law expert and NPC deputy, said that flaws with laojiao lie in its implementation12 procedure because there is no strict legal boundary in deciding the length of detention13.
Wang Gongyi, vice-director of the Institute of Justice Research affiliated14 to the Ministry15 of Justice, said that the current laojiao practice contradicts several items in the Constitution, the Criminal Procedure Law, and the International Covenant16 on Civil and Political Rights a United Nations human rights treaty China signed in 1998.
They all require that decisions to detain someone go through judicial system first.
According to Wang, a drafter of the law, the debate still centers on whether it takes an administrative procedure or a judicial one to detain minor offenders.
The Ministry of Public Security proposes to maintain the current practice, with a judicial review coming after the administrative enforcement.
But the Supreme17 People's Court favors the judicial procedure, which requires all detentions18 to be imposed only after a court's decision.
Some experts, including Wang, take the middle road. They propose to grant a defense19 right to all minor offenders before incarceration. Those who demand a review should not be incarcerated20 before a court's decision.
Despite the arguments, Wang said the new law is more correction-oriented and lenient.
According to it, the current "re-education centers" will be renamed as "correctional centers", with all bars and gates removed and made more school-like.
The incarceration period will also be shortened to less than 18 months, depending on the offense8.
Figures from the justice ministry show that about 400,000 people have served their terms in 310 laojiao institutions.
Wang emphasized that the practice has contributed to the country's penal21 system for decades as it eases the burden imposed on the prison system.
点击  收听单词发音
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1
lenient
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| adj.宽大的，仁慈的 |
参考例句： |
- The judge was lenient with him.法官对他很宽大。
- It's a question of finding the means between too lenient treatment and too severe punishment.问题是要找出处理过宽和处罚过严的折中办法。
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2
minor
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| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 |
参考例句： |
- The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
- I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。
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3
offenders
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| n.冒犯者( offender的名词复数 )；犯规者；罪犯；妨害…的人（或事物） |
参考例句： |
- Long prison sentences can be a very effective deterrent for offenders. 判处长期徒刑可对违法者起到强有力的威慑作用。
- Purposeful work is an important part of the regime for young offenders. 使从事有意义的劳动是管理少年犯的重要方法。
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4
legislative
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| n.立法机构，立法权；adj.立法的，有立法权的 |
参考例句： |
- Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. government.国会是美国政府的立法部门。
- Today's hearing was just the first step in the legislative process.今天的听证会只是展开立法程序的第一步。
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5
standing
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| n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的 |
参考例句： |
- After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
- They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
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6
amendments
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| （法律、文件的）改动( amendment的名词复数 )； 修正案； 修改； （美国宪法的）修正案 |
参考例句： |
- The committee does not adequately consult others when drafting amendments. 委员会在起草修正案时没有充分征求他人的意见。
- Please propose amendments and addenda to the first draft of the document. 请对这个文件的初稿提出修改和补充意见。
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7
administrative
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| adj.行政的，管理的 |
参考例句： |
- The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
- He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。
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8
offense
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| n.犯规，违法行为；冒犯，得罪 |
参考例句： |
- I hope you will not take any offense at my words. 对我讲的话请别见怪。
- His words gave great offense to everybody present.他的发言冲犯了在场的所有人。
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9
offenses
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| n.进攻( offense的名词复数 )；（球队的）前锋；进攻方法；攻势 |
参考例句： |
- It's wrong of you to take the child to task for such trifling offenses. 因这类小毛病责备那孩子是你的不对。 来自《简明英汉词典》
- Thus, Congress cannot remove an executive official except for impeachable offenses. 因此，除非有可弹劾的行为，否则国会不能罢免行政官员。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
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10
incarceration
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| n.监禁，禁闭；钳闭 |
参考例句： |
- He hadn't changed much in his nearly three years of incarceration. 在将近三年的监狱生活中，他变化不大。 来自辞典例句
- Please, please set it free before it bursts from its long incarceration! 请你，请你将这颗心释放出来吧！否则它会因长期的禁闭而爆裂。 来自辞典例句
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11
judicial
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| adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的 |
参考例句： |
- He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。
- Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。
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12
implementation
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| n.实施，贯彻 |
参考例句： |
- Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。
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13
detention
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| n.滞留，停留；拘留，扣留；(教育)留下 |
参考例句： |
- He was kept in detention by the police.他被警察扣留了。
- He was in detention in connection with the bribery affair.他因与贿赂事件有牵连而被拘留了。
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14
affiliated
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| adj. 附属的, 有关连的 |
参考例句： |
- The hospital is affiliated with the local university. 这家医院附属于当地大学。
- All affiliated members can vote. 所有隶属成员都有投票权。
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15
ministry
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| n.(政府的)部；牧师 |
参考例句： |
- They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
- We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。
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16
covenant
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| n.盟约，契约；v.订盟约 |
参考例句： |
- They refused to covenant with my father for the property.他们不愿与我父亲订立财产契约。
- The money was given to us by deed of covenant.这笔钱是根据契约书付给我们的。
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17
supreme
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| adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的 |
参考例句： |
- It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
- He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
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18
detentions
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| 拘留( detention的名词复数 )； 扣押； 监禁； 放学后留校 |
参考例句： |
- Teachers may assign detention tasks as they wish and some detentions have been actually dangerous. 老师可能随心所欲指派关禁闭的形式，有些禁闭事实上很危险。
- Intimidation, beatings and administrative detentions are often enough to prevent them from trying again. 恐吓，拷打和行政拘留足以阻止请愿者二次进京的脚步。
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19
defense
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| n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩 |
参考例句： |
- The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
- The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。
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20
incarcerated
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| 钳闭的 |
参考例句： |
- They were incarcerated for the duration of the war. 战争期间，他们被关在狱中。 来自辞典例句
- I don't want to worry them by being incarcerated. 我不想让他们知道我被拘禁的事情。 来自电影对白
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21
penal
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| adj.刑罚的；刑法上的 |
参考例句： |
- I hope you're familiar with penal code.我希望你们熟悉本州法律规则。
- He underwent nineteen years of penal servitude for theft.他因犯了大窃案受过十九年的苦刑。
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