High salt in soil dramatically stresses plant biology and reduces the growth and yield of crops. Now researchers have found specific proteins that allow plants to grow better under salt stress, and may help breed future generations of more salt-tolerant crop plants. Professor Staffan Persson led the study and said that unlike humans who can move away from the salty snacks or drink more water, a plant is stuck in high salt (or saline) soils and must use other tactics to cope.

 

"More and more of the world' crops are facing salt stress with high salt in soils (also known as salinity¹) affecting 20% of the total, and 33% of irrigated², agricultural lands worldwide, " said Professor Persson, from University of Melbourne, Australia, formerly³ at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular⁴ Plant Physiology⁵.

 

"By 2050 it is estimated that we need to increase our production of food by 70% to feed an additional 2.3 billion people. Salinity is a major limiting factor for this goal as more than 50% of the arable⁶ land may be salt afflicted⁷ by the year 2050,'

 

"It is therefore of great agricultural importance to find genes⁸ and mechanisms¹⁰ that can improve plant growth under such conditions. "

 

The team has identified a protein family that helps plants to grow on salt, and outlined a mechanism⁹ for how these proteins aid the plants to produce their biomass under salt stress conditions. The work was published today in the journal Cell.

 

"Plants need to make bigger cells and more of them if they want to grow and develop, " added Prof Persson.

 

"Unlike animal cells, plant cells are surrounded by a cellular¹¹ exoskeleton, called cell walls which direct plant growth and protect the plant against diseases. Importantly, most of the plants biomass is made up of the cell wall with cellulose being the major component¹².

 

"Hence, plant growth largely depend on the ability of plants to produce cell walls and cellulose, also under stress conditions, and it is therefore no surprise that research on cell wall biosynthesis is of high priority."

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