Got LED light? Display cases and grocery stores increasingly do, and that's bad news for milk drinkers. Cornell University researchers in the Department of Food Science found that exposure to light-emitting diode (LED) sources for even a few hours degrades the perceived quality of fluid milk more so than the microbial content that naturally accumulates over time. Their study determined¹ that milk remained at high-quality for two weeks when shielded from LED exposure, and that consumers overwhelmingly preferred the older milk over fresh milk stored in a typical container that had been exposed to LED light for as little as four hours.

 

As sellers adopt these light-efficient energy sources in dairy cases and point-of-sale locations, merchants might be unwittingly sabotaging² the product they are trying to sell.

 

"For some reason we love to look across the store and see this glowing case of milk that's shining bright," said Robin³ Dando, senior author on the paper and assistant professor in Cornell's Department of Food Science. "It's attractive to look at, but we might actually be damaging the quality of the product."

 

It's well understood that milk sensory⁴ quality and nutritional⁵ content are adversely⁶ affected⁷ by exposure to the sun and artificial light sources. Riboflavin and other photosensitive components⁸ in milk are activated⁹ when struck by light energy, releasing a cascade¹⁰ of electrons that can degrade proteins and oxidize fats.

 

The resulting taste is commonly described as that of cardboard or plastic. All current popular milk packaging allows for certain light exposure to occur; even opaque¹¹ plastic jugs¹² have potential to compromise the highest quality milks by allowing the off-flavors to develop.

 

"Milk drinkers want the freshest, highest quality milk they can get," said Nicole Martin, the study's lead author and supervisor¹³ of Cornell's Milk Quality Improvement Program laboratory. "For most consumers the idea of freshness is in inverse¹⁴ relationship to the expiration¹⁵ date on the package. This study shows that light exposure is a much greater factor explaining deteriorating¹⁶ milk quality than even age."

 

LED lighting¹⁷ produces a pattern of wavelength¹⁸ that differs from the fluorescent¹⁹ bulbs that have been used to illuminate²⁰ display cases. LEDs typically emit in the blue spectrum²¹, around 460 nanometers, and produces a broader emission²² peak than fluorescents. That peak in LED light is near the narrow band where riboflavin absorbs light, a fact the researchers surmise²³ could be selectively destroying the nutrient²⁴ and damaging the perceived quality of the milk.

 

"We found that without LED exposure, most pasteurized milk remains at high quality for 14 days; importantly this study now provides new information that can be used to further improve the quality of milk, for example through light shielding packaging," said co-author 

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