Might the "Twinkie defense¹" have a scientific foundation after all? Researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine have shown -- by each of a range of measures, in men and women of all ages, in Caucasians and minorities -- that consumption of dietary trans fatty acids (dTFAs反式脂肪酸) is associated with irritability²（过敏性，易怒） and aggression³. The study of nearly 1,000 men and women provides the first evidence linking dTFAs with adverse⁴ behaviors that impacted others, ranging from impatience⁵ to overt⁶（明显的） aggression. The research, led by Beatrice Golomb, MD, PhD, associate professor in the UC San Diego Department of Medicine, has been published online by PLoS ONE.

Dietary trans fatty acids are primarily products of hydrogenation, which makes unsaturated oils solid at room temperature. They are present at high levels in margarines（人造黄油） , shortenings and prepared foods. Adverse health effects of dTFAs have been identified in lipid levels, metabolic⁷ function, insulin resistance, oxidation（氧化） , inflammation, and cardiac（心脏的） health.

The UC San Diego team used baseline dietary information and behavioral assessments⁸ of 945 adult men and women to analyze⁹ the relationship between dTFAs and aggression or irritability. The survey measured such factors as a life history of aggression, conflict tactics and self-rated impatience and irritability, as well as an "overt aggression" scale that tallies¹⁰ recent aggressive behaviors. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, education, and use of alcohol or tobacco products.

"We found that greater trans fatty acids were significantly associated with greater aggression, and were more consistently predictive of aggression and irritability, across the measures tested, than the other known aggression predictors that were assessed," said Golomb. "If the association between trans fats and aggressive behavior proves to be causal, this adds further rationale to recommendations to avoid eating trans fats, or including them in foods provided at institutions like schools and prisons, since the detrimental¹¹ effects of trans fats may extend beyond the person who consumes them to affect others."