Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Malaria¹ Research Institute have genetically³ modified a bacterium⁴ commonly found in the mosquito's midgut（中肠） and found that the parasite⁵ that causes malaria in people does not survive in mosquitoes carrying the modified bacterium. The bacterium, Pantoea agglomerans, was modified to secrete⁶ proteins toxic⁷ to the malaria parasite, but the toxins⁸ do not harm the mosquito or humans. According to a study published by PNAS, the modified bacteria were 98 percent effective in reducing the malaria parasite burden in mosquitoes. "In the past, we worked to genetically modify the mosquito to resist malaria（疟疾） , but genetic² modification⁹ of bacteria is a simpler approach," said Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena, PhD, senior author of the study and a professor with Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. "The ultimate goal is to completely prevent the mosquito from spreading the malaria parasite to people."

With the study, Jacobs-Lorena and his colleagues found that the engineered P. agglomerans strains inhibited¹⁰ development of the deadliest human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum（疟原虫） and rodent¹¹ malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei by up to 98 percent within the mosquito. The proportion of mosquitoes carrying parasites¹² (prevalence) decreased by up to 84 percent.

"We demonstrate the use of an engineered symbiotic¹³ bacterium to interfere¹⁴ with the development of P. falciparum in the mosquito. These findings provide the foundation for the use of genetically modified symbiotic bacteria as a powerful tool to combat malaria," said Jacobs-Lorena.

Malaria kills more than 800,000 people worldwide each year. Many are children.

The authors of "Fighting malaria with engineered symbiotic bacteria from vector mosquitoes" are Sibao Wang, Anil K. Ghosh, Nicholas Bongio, Kevin A. Stebbings, David J. Lampe and Marcelo Jacobs-Lorena.

The research was supported by National Institute of Allergy¹⁵ and Infectious Diseases, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Johns Hopkins Malaria Research Institute and the Bloomberg Family Foundation.