A new climate model predicts an increase in snowfall for Earth's polar regions and highest altitudes, but an overall drop in snowfall for the globe, as carbon dioxide levels rise over the next century. The decline in snowfall could spell trouble for regions such as the western United States that rely on snowmelt as a source of fresh water.

 

The projections¹ are the result of a new climate model developed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric² Administration (NOAA) Geophysi­cal Fluid Dynamics³ Laboratory (GFDL) and ana­lyzed by scientists at GFDL and Princeton Uni­versity. The study was published in the Journal of Climate.

 

The model indicates that the majority of the planet would experience less snowfall as a result of warming due to a doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Observations show that atmospheric carbon dioxide has already increased by 40 percent from values in the mid-19th century, and, given projected trends, could exceed twice those values later this century. In North America, the greatest reductions in snowfall will occur along the northeast coast, in the mountainous west, and in the Pacific Northwest. Coastal⁴ regions from Virginia to Maine, as well as coastal Oregon and Washington, will get less than half the amount of snow currently received.

 

In very cold regions of the globe, however, snowfall will rise because as air warms it can hold more moisture（水分，湿度）, leading to increased precipitation in the form of snow. The researchers found that regions in and around the Arctic and Antarctica will get more snow than they now receive.

 

The highest mountain peaks in the northwestern Himalayas, the Andes and the Yukon region will also receive greater amounts of snowfall after carbon dioxide doubles. This finding clashes with other models which pre­dicted declines in snowfall for these high-altitude regions. However, the new model's prediction is consistent with current snowfall observations in these regions.

 

The model is an improvement over previous models in that it utilizes⁵ greater detail about the world's topography（地势，地志） -- the mountains, valleys and other features. This new "high-resolution" model is analogous⁶ to having a high-definition model of the planet's climate instead of a blurred⁷（模糊不清的） picture.

 

The study was conducted by Sarah Kapnick, a postdoctoral research sci­entist in the Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences at Princeton University and jointly⁸ affiliated⁹ with NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory in Princeton, and Thomas Delworth, senior physical scientist at GFDL.

 

This work was supported by the Cooperative Institute for Climate Science, a collaborative institute between Princeton University and GFDL.

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