In a finding that overturns the conventional view that large old trees are unproductive, scientists have determined¹ that for most species, the biggest trees increase their growth rates and sequester²（使隔绝） more carbon as they age. In a letter published today in the journal Nature, an international research group reports that 97 percent of 403 tropical and temperate³ species grow more quickly the older they get. The study was led by Nate L. Stephenson of the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological⁴ Research Center. Three Oregon State University researchers are co-authors: Mark Harmon and Rob Pabst of the College of Forestry⁵ and Duncan Thomas of the College of Agricultural Sciences.

 

The researchers reviewed records from studies on six continents. Their conclusions are based on repeated measurements of 673,046 individual trees, some going back more than 80 years.

 

This study would not have been possible, Harmon said, without long-term records of individual tree growth. "It was remarkable⁶ how we were able to examine this question on a global level, thanks to the sustained efforts of many programs and individuals."

 

Extraordinary growth of some species, such as Australian mountain ash -- also known as eucalyptus⁷（桉树） -- (Eucalyptus regnans), and the coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) is not limited to a few species, the researchers said. "Rather, rapid growth in giant trees is the global norm and can exceed 600 kg (1,300 pounds) per year in the largest individuals," they wrote.

 

"In human terms, it is as if our growth just keeps accelerating after adolescence⁸, instead of slowing down," said Stephenson. "By that measure, humans could weigh half a ton by middle age, and well over a ton at retirement⁹."

 

The report includes studies from the Pacific Northwest. Harmon and his colleagues worked in forest plots -- some created as early as the 1930s -- at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest east of Eugene and Mount Rainier National Park. Researchers measured growth in Douglas-fir, western hemlock¹⁰（铁杉）, Sitka spruce, western red cedar¹¹ and silver fir. The National Science Foundation and the Pacific Northwest Research Station of the USDA Forest Service provided funding.

 

Under the auspices¹² of the Smithsonian Institution's Center for Tropical Forest Science, Thomas and colleagues in Africa established a 123-acre forest research site in Cameroon in 1996. They measured growth in about 495 tree species.

 

"CTFS does very important work facilitating collaboration¹³ between forest ecologists worldwide and therefore enabling us to gain a better insight into the growth of trees and forests," Thomas said. "This model for collaboration was the basis of the Nature study."

 

While the finding applies to individual trees, it may not hold true for stands of trees, the authors cautioned. As they age, some trees in a stand will die, resulting in fewer individuals in a given area over time.

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