科学家发现一种未知肠道病毒_英语科普

科学家发现一种未知肠道病毒

文章来源：未知文章作者：enread 发布时间：2014-07-26 09:06 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

Scientists have discovered a previously¹ unknown virus living in the human gut², according to a study in Nature Communications.

《自然通讯》的一项研究显示，科学家在人类肠道中发现一种以前未知的病毒。

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Scientists scoured international genetic databases to see how common the virus may be

Exploring genetic material found in intestinal⁵（肠的） samples, the international team uncovered the CrAssphage virus.

They say the virus could influence the behaviour of some of the most common bacteria in our gut.

Experts say these types of viruses, called bacteriophages, have been shown to play a role in chronic⁶ diseases.

Led by a team at San Diego State University in the USA, scientists scoured genetic information stored in three large international databases.

They stumbled upon a piece of DNA⁷, some 100,000 letters long, present in more than half of all samples from the gut.

'Novel virus'

And while cross-checking its identity in global directories they realised it had never been described before.

Prof Robert Edwards, lead author, said: "It is not unusual to go looking for a novel virus and find one.

"But it's very unusual to find one that so many people have in common.

"The fact it has flown under the radar⁸ for so long is very strange."

Researchers say the virus has the genetic fingerprint⁹ of a bacteriophage（噬菌体） - a type of virus known to infect bacteria.

Phages may work to control the behaviour of bacteria they infect - some make it easier for bacteria to inhabit in their environments while others allow bacteria to become more potent¹⁰.

Dr Edwards said: "In some way phages are like wolves in the wild, surrounded by hares and deer.

"They are critical components¹¹ of our gut ecosystems¹², helping¹³ control the growth of bacterial¹⁴ populations and allowing a diversity of species."

According to the team, CrAssphage infects one of the most common types of bacteria in our guts¹⁵.

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收听单词发音

1 previously
adv.以前，先前（地）
参考例句：
The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。 Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

2 gut
n.[pl.]胆量；内脏；adj.本能的；vt.取出内脏
参考例句：
It is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。 My immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。

3 scoured
走遍（某地）搜寻（人或物）( scour的过去式和过去分词 )；（用力）刷；擦净；擦亮
参考例句：
We scoured the area for somewhere to pitch our tent. 我们四处查看，想找一个搭帐篷的地方。 The torrents scoured out a channel down the hill side. 急流沿着山腰冲刷出一条水沟。

4 genetic
adj.遗传的，遗传学的
参考例句：
It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。 Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

5 intestinal
adj.肠的；肠壁；肠道细菌
参考例句：
A few other conditions are in high intestinal obstruction. 其它少数情况是高位肠梗阻。来自辞典例句 This complication has occasionally occurred following the use of intestinal antiseptics. 这种并发症偶而发生在使用肠道抗菌剂上。来自辞典例句

6 chronic
adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的
参考例句：
Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。 Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。

7 DNA
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
参考例句：
DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。 Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。

8 radar
n.雷达，无线电探测器
参考例句：
They are following the flight of an aircraft by radar.他们正在用雷达追踪一架飞机的飞行。 Enemy ships were detected on the radar.敌舰的影像已显现在雷达上。

9 fingerprint
n.指纹；vt.取...的指纹
参考例句：
The fingerprint expert was asked to testify at the trial.指纹专家应邀出庭作证。 The court heard evidence from a fingerprint expert.法院听取了指纹专家的证词。

10 potent
adj.强有力的，有权势的；有效力的
参考例句：
The medicine had a potent effect on your disease.这药物对你的病疗效很大。 We must account of his potent influence.我们必须考虑他的强有力的影响。

11 components
（机器、设备等的）构成要素，零件，成分；成分( component的名词复数 )； [物理化学]组分； [数学]分量；（混合物的）组成部分
参考例句：
the components of a machine 机器部件 Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。

12 ecosystems
n.生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 )
参考例句：
There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。来自《简明英汉词典》 Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert. 马达加斯加生态系统类型多样，从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。来自辞典例句

13 helping
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的
参考例句：
The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。 By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

14 bacterial
a.细菌的
参考例句：
Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间，细菌繁殖加快了。 Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。

15 guts
v.狼吞虎咽，贪婪地吃，飞碟游戏（比赛双方每组5人，相距15码，互相掷接飞碟）；毁坏（建筑物等）的内部( gut的第三人称单数 )；取出…的内脏n.勇气( gut的名词复数 )；内脏；消化道的下段；肠
参考例句：
I'll only cook fish if the guts have been removed. 鱼若已收拾干净，我只需烧一下即可。 Barbara hasn't got the guts to leave her mother. 巴巴拉没有勇气离开她妈妈。来自《简明英汉词典》

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