UNIT 1 基本技能篇(15天)Day 2 强调句

        
    强 调 句   
    第一步：四级精彩套句展示   
    It is universally acknowledged that + 句子（全世界都知道…）   
    这是一个在四级作文里面用来阐述观点的经典句型，用词也很出色。   
    It is universally acknowledged that trees are indispensable to us.  全世界都知道树木对我们是不可或缺的。   
    It is…that + 句子…构成强调句型（The Emphatic¹ Pattern）   
    英语常用的强调结构是“It is/was+被强调部分（主语、宾语或状语）+ who（that）…”。一般说来，被强调部分指人时，用who；指事物时，用that；在美国英语中指事物时常用which来代替that。   
    与之类似的常用句型还有：   
    It is conceivable that + 句子（可想而知的）   
    It is obvious that + 句子（明显的）   
    It is apparent that + 句子（显然的）   
    It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.  可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演一个重要的角色。   
    第二步：语法精讲   
    1. 简介   
    (1) 一般情况用It is (was)…that (who)…，指人时，用who；指物时，用that。   
    我们分别可以强调主语、宾语、表语、时间状语和地点状语等。如：   
    He read three books in the library yesterday.（正常句子）   
    It was he who read three books in the library yesterday.（强调主语）   
    It was three books that he read in the library yesterday.（强调宾语）   
    It was in the library that he read three books yesterday.（强调地点状语）   
    (2) 强调状语或定语时，只用that，不用when、where，如：   
    It is at 5 o’clock that the train will arrive.   
    (3) 被强调的部分是主语时，注意句子的谓语动词和被强调的主语保持一致。如：   
    It is he who is late.   
    It is they who were late.   
    (4) 一般疑问句的强调句为“Is (was) it + that…?”；特殊疑问句为：“特殊疑问词+ is (was) +it +that…?”结构。如：   
    Was it ten years ago that his father died?（他的父亲是十年前去世的吗？）   
    When is it that you will set off?（你到底什么时候出发？）   
    (5)“not…until…”句型的强调结构为“It is not until…that…”应注意把否定词not转移到until前面。如：   
    I didn’t go home until the rain stopped.（直到雨停了我才回家）。   
    强调句为：It was not until the rain stopped that I went home.   
    I didn’t know the news until yesterday.（直到昨天我才知道那个消息）   
    强调句为：It was not until yesterday that I knew the news.   
    2. 四级必考套句学习   
    (1) It is the responsibility of       to do sth.    
    【分析】注意，从形式上看该句子很像强调句型，而实际上并非如此，因为句中it是形式主语，动词不定式作实际主语。   
    It is the responsibility of every citizen in our society to do his utmost to protect the environment.    
    (2) It is the       , I suppose, that have\has given rise to       .    
    【分析】该强调句型强调句子主语，I suppose作为插入语。这是一个很好掌握的四级长句，在作文中需要分析原因时，可以用它阐述自己的看法。   
    It is the tighter job market, I suppose, that has given rise to the increase in the number of unemployed² college students in China.    
    (3) It is only when       that       .   
    【分析】强调句型强调when引导时间从句。   
    It is only when you nearly lose someone that you become fully³ conscious of how much you value him.   
    第三步：练习与进步   
    A. 翻译   
    1. 直到最后一刻，我才得知事情的传闻。   
                                                                                
    2. 他是否接受我的观点，我并不在乎。   
                                                                                
    3. 我不应干预此类事。   
                                                                                
    4. 在拥挤的公交车上抽烟，是不礼貌的行为。   
                                                                                
    5. 爱迪生是位真正的天才，这是不容置疑的。   
                                                                                
    6. 直到他走进教室，才意识到忘了做家庭作业。   
                                                                                
    7. 在我们家，饭前洗手是每个人的习惯。   
                                                                                
    8. 一个人应该精读一门，博览各科。   
                                                                                
    9. 她觉得回复这封信，是她应尽的责任。   
                                                                                
    10. 大多数年轻人都认为过轻松不用努力的生活是最好的，这是令人遗憾的事。   
                                                                                
    【参考答案】   
    1. It was at the eleventh hour that I got wind of what was going on.   
    2. It does not matter whether he accepts my opinions or not.   
    3. It is not my place to interfere⁴ in such affairs.   
    4. It is impolite behavior to smoke in a crowded bus.   
    5. It is undeniable that Edison was a genius in the truest sense of the word.   
    6. It was not until he entered the classroom that he realized he had forgotten to do the homework.   
    7. In our home it is a rigid⁵ rule for each person to wash his hands before eating.   
    8. It is wise to read everything about something and something about everything.   
    9. She felt it incumbent⁶ upon her to answer the letter at once.   
    10. It is to be regretted that the majority of young people should look upon an effortless life as the highest good.   
    B. 改错   
    1. It is she which I think is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.             
    2. There is an old saying which says, “Great oaks from little acorns   
    grow.”                           
    3. It is in the park which they’ll take a picnic.                  
    4. It is believed which the earliest feature of chronic⁷ bronchitis is   
    excessive secretion⁸ from the mucous⁹ glands¹⁰ and goblet¹¹ call.                
    5. It is one of his peculiarities¹² that no incident ever happens to him   
    that without teaching him some valuable lesson.                   
    6. It is an error to suppose which the public is indifferent or unable   
    to understand the problems of religion and philosophy.                 
    7. It is wrong to accuse a person of a crime that you have evidence   
    that he may be guilty.                        
    8. It be reasonable to receive extra pay for extra work.                
    9. It is very difficult that you haven’t sufficient data to solve the   
    problem.                          
    【参考答案】   
    1. which—who  2. which—that  3. which—where   4. which—that    
    5. 去掉him后面的that    6. which—that   7. that—unless   
    8. be—is       9. that—when   
    第四步：伟人伟招   
    1. 百折不挠式   
    We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope. (Martin Luther King, Jr.)   
    我们必须接受失望，因为它是有限的，但千万不可失去希望，因为它是无穷的。（马丁·路德·金）   
    【点评】该句为马丁·路德·金生命的体验，我们在作文中谈到某种麻烦的解决方法时，借用过来妙不可言。另外We must do…, but we must never…用于观点的转折或者递进效果很好。   
    2. 深入生活式   
    Genius is formed in quiet, character in the stream of life. (Goethe )   
    天才形成于平静中，性格来自于生活的激流。（歌德）   
    【点评】歌德之才，恐非我辈能及，但大师的语言却给我们无穷的灵感。表示“形成”记着用“is formed in”，简单之处见真章。   
    第五步：实践与进步   
    用下列给出的句型造句：   
    1. There is  absolutely   no      reason for us to  believe  that…   
    2.  Logical  as this argument is, and I whole-heartedly agree with it, it appears   
    insignificant  when… is taken into  consideration  .   
    3. To  assume  that…  is far from infallible  .   
    4. A  close    inspection    of this argument would reveal how  flimsy      it is.   
    5.  On the surface  ,  it   may seem  a sound      suggestion  , but   
    with careful consideration   , we find that…   
    6. Too much  emphasis placed on    … may  obscure  other facts, including that…   
    7. The  danger   is that…   
    8. What the  narrator  fails to  understand  is that…   
    9. We don’t have to look very far to  see      the  truth    of this  argument   .   
    10. However  just    this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem