UNIT 1 基本技能篇(15天)Day 3 省略句

        
    省 略 句   
    第一步：四级精彩套句展示   
    It is necessary that effective actions be taken to prevent this problem.    
    省略，在语言中，尤其在对话中是一种常见的现象，它可以使语气明了。英语里被省略部分一般可以在句子中补上。本句是省略should的虚拟语气，完整句为It is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent this problem. 这种对虚拟语气的省略在四级作文句子里面广为存在，   
    又如：It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to (expended on / focused on) finding (developing / improving)…中的should也可省略。   
    第二步：语法精讲   
    1. 简介   
    句子中的某一成分省略的现象，在语言当中广泛存在，汉语当中也有。比如：一班的学生比二班的多。本句中在“二班的”后面就省略了“学生”一词，因为根据语境，该词我们已经可以推理得知，在语言中为了避免麻烦，将其省略。   
    大家可能会说：“四级考试中我就担心字数凑不够，为什么还要学习省略呢？”字数的问题确实是我们必须面对的问题，但并不是四级考核的惟一标准。省略句的合理利用，会起到事半功倍的效果。首先，启用省略句虽然在字数上吃了点小亏，但是可以让句子更精炼流畅，可谓舍一而得十；另外，很多考生为了凑字数，啰里啰嗦，让评卷老师味同嚼蜡，这时你的省略句就可能会如一缕春风，好处自不用多言。   
    2. 四级必考句型   
    (1) Although many have tried, few have succeeded in attempts to       .   
    【分析】本句中tried后的宾语可根据后半句的语义推测得知，所以可以省略，避免重复。   
    Although many have tried, few have succeeded in attempts to find perfect solutions.   
    (2)       , be it       , will bring a lot of happiness into our lives.   
    【分析】本句是一个超难句型，中间一节省略了whether和might，并进行了倒装，将“be it”恢复后应为whether it might be。Be it…，可译为“比方说”，用来给出更多细节。   
    The application of electric power, be it to light our rooms or to listen to music, will bring a lot of happiness to our lives.     
    (3) Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though to go out of the office.   
    【分析】as though引导方式状语从句，谓语常用虚拟语气，本句中主句的主语与从句的主语相同，故从句中的主语和谓语省略，即省略了she wanted；如果补全，即为：as though she wanted to go out of the office.   
    第三步：练习与进步   
    A. 翻译   
    1. 因为项目任务十分艰巨，这个项目需要的劳动力比我们已经投入的要多。   
                                                                                 
    2. 虽然Dave Mitchell在旧金山长大，但他总是更喜欢记录小镇生活的平淡事实。   
                                                                                 
                                                                                 
    3. 就像土壤是地球的一部分一样，大气也是地球的一部分。   
                                                                                 
    4. 没有人会有时间去读或听讲述世界发生的每一件事情。   
                                                                                 
    5. 他的衣服很宽大，好像是为比他个子大一倍的人裁剪的。   
                                                                                 
    6. 海豚与狗同样都是聪明的动物。   
                                                                                 
    7. 每个人能够走钢丝而没有一丝畏惧的，除非他从小就训练过。   
                                                                                 
    8. 不管付出多大的代价，他都会坚持他认为正确的。   
                                                                                 
    9. 他经常坐在一间小酒吧里喝酒，喝得太多了，不利于他的身体。   
                                                                                 
                                                                                 
    10. 尽管相对贵一些，但是这个发动机效率更高，而且不需要经常维修。   
                                                                                 
                                                                                 
    【参考答案】   
    1. The project requires more labor¹ than has been put in because it is extremely difficult.   
    2. Though raised in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life.   
    3. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, so too is the atmosphere.   
    4. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything that is going on in the world.   
    5. His suit hung loosely as if tailored for someone twice his size.   
    6. A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog.   
    7. No one can walk the wire without a bit of fear unless trained very young.   
    8. He stands up for what he thinks right, whatever the personal cost.   
    9. He often sat in a small bar drinking considerably² more wine than was good for his health.   
    10. Even though relatively³ costly⁴, the engine is highly efficient and infrequently needs servicing.   
    B. 改错   
    1. A programmed computer begins to show on its screen the figures   
    you need when is switched on.                      
    2. No one, at any rate no English writer, has written about    
    childhood life in a way more poignant⁵ than Dickens was.                 
    3. Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of    
    patients do not taken drugs as directed, lowering the effectiveness of   
    the drugs significantly.                        
    4. Layer upon layer of deep snow means that, when it melted,   
    the snow-water would be pure, not salty as sea -ice would be.                
    5. All these projects require continuous spending on new equipment   
    and new development if they are to serve properly, and require more   
    money than is raised through taxes alone today.                   
    6. You spent more money than was intended to spend.                
    7. To understand the situation completely require more thought   
    that has been given thus far.                       
    8. We can observe small things clearly under a microscope    
    because it makes them appear larger as they really are.                 
    9. In debating, one must correct the opponent’s falsehoods, deny    
    the relevance⁶ of his proof, and deny that which he presents as proof,   
    even if relevant, is sufficient.                      
    10. Yet these old controversies⁷ give no less revealing insight⁸ on the   
    minds of our grandfathers than do the major issues of the last century.              
    【参考答案】   
    1. is去掉   2. was—did     3. taken—take   4. it去掉   
    5. is—is being  6. spend—be spent    7. require—requires  8. as—than   
    9. which—what  10. on—into    
    第四步：伟人伟招   
    1. 以退为进式   
    On earth there is nothing great but man; and in man there is nothing great but mind. (Hamilton )   
    世界上，没有什么比人更伟大，而对于人来说，没有什么比精神更伟大。   
    【点评】在你考试写作文时，也可以用这种方式来分步把你的观点说出来，这种句子体现了一种智慧上的美。另外nothing but…（只有…）句型我们要熟练掌握。   
    I have nothing but compassion⁹ for your situation.   
    Nothing but determination will get us through this.   
    2. 精力无穷式   
    Live as though you intend to live forever, and work as though your strength were limitless. (S. Bernhardt )   
    要这样生活，仿佛你寿命永恒；要这样工作，仿佛你精力无穷。（波恩哈特）   
    【点评】是个很生动的句型，很有文学魅力，可以背会用来鼓励大家努力。用在最后一段的开头，可以画龙点睛。   
    3. 前轻后重式   
    Don’t believe that winning is really everything. It’s more important to stand for something. If you don’t stand for something, what do you win? (Lane Kirkland )   
    不要认为取胜就是一切，更重要的是要有信念。倘若你没有信念，那胜利又有什么意义呢？（柯克兰）   
    【点评】这是正反论述文的经典句型。前面的观点是你反对的，后面的是你所支持的。例如在文章的最后一段可以这样写：Don’t be afraid that we won’t succeed in solving this problem; it is more important to know we are doing our best. 这样，20多个单词就毫不费力地写出来了。   
    第五步：实践与进步   
    将下面的句子补充完整   
    1. Although the popular belief is that…, a  current    study         indicates   
    that…   
    2. Common sense tells us that…   
    3. The  increase  in…  mainly   results from …   
    4. The  increase  in… is  due to       the fact that…   
    5. Many people would claim that…   
    6. One may  attribute the  increase  to…, but… is not by itself an adequate   
    explanation.   
    7. One of the reasons given for… is that…   
    8. What is also worth highlighting is that…   
    9. There are  many        causes  for this  dramatic     growth  in…. First, …   
    Second,… Finally,…   
    10. There is no evidence to suggest that…