专八人文知识：语言学部分精选试题_专业八级

专八人文知识：语言学部分精选试题

文章来源：文章作者：发布时间：2007-08-06 02:45 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

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　　本文是根据最新专八考试大纲针对人文知识的要求，从语言学内容精选出的考前自测试题。

　　1.Which of the following statements about language is NOT true?
　　A. Language is a system B. Language is symbolic¹
　　C. Animals also have language D. Language is arbitrary

　　2.Which of the following features is NOT one of the design features of language?
　　A. Symbolic B. Dual² C. Productive D. Arbitrary

　　3.What is the most important function of language?
　　A. Interpersonal B. Phatic C. Informative³ D. Metalingual

　　4.Who put forward the distinction between Langue and Parole?
　　A. Saussure B. Chomsky C. Halliday D. Anonymous⁴

　　5.According to Chomsky, which is the ideal user's internalized knowledge of his language?
　　A. competence⁵ B. parole C. performance D. langue

　　6.The function of the sentence "A nice day, isn't it?" is .
　　A. informative B. phatic C. directive D. performative

　　7.Articulatory phonetics mainly studies .
　　A. the physical properties of the sounds produced in speech
　　B. the perception of sounds
　　C. the combination of sounds
　　D. the production of sounds

　　8.The distinction between vowels⁶ and consonants⁷ lies in .
　　A. the place of articulation⁸ B. the obstruction⁹ of airstream
　　C. the position of the tongue D. the shape of the lips

　　9.Which is the branch of linguistics¹⁰ which studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription?
　　A. Phonetics B. Phonology C. Semantics D. Pragmatics

　　10.Which studies the sound systems in a certain language?
　　A. Phonetics B. Phonology C. Semantics D. Pragmatics

　　11.Minimal¹¹ pairs are used to .
　　A. find the distinctive¹² features of a language
　　B. find the phonemes of a language
　　C. compare two words
　　D. find the allophones of language

　　12.Usually, suprasegmental features include,length and pitch.
　　A. phoneme B. speech sounds C. syllables¹⁴ D. stress

　　13.Which is an indispensable part of a syllable¹³?
　　A. Coda B. Onset¹⁵ C. Stem D. Peak

　　14.Which is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship between expression and content?
　　A. Word B. Morpheme C. Allomorph D. Root
　　15.Which studies the internal structure of words, and the rules by which words are formed?
　　A. Morphology B. Syntax C. Phonology D. Semantics

　　16.Lexeme is .
　　A. a physically¹⁶ definable unit
　　B. the common factor underlying¹⁷ a set of forms
　　C. a grammatical unit
　　D. an indefinable unit

　　17.Which of the following sounds does not belong to the allomorphs of the English plural¹⁸ morpheme ?
　　A. [s] B. [iz] C. [ai] D. [is]

　　18.All words contain a .
　　A. root morpheme B. bound morpheme C. prefix¹⁹ D. suffix²⁰

　　19.The relationship between "fruit" and "apple" is
　　A. homonymy²¹ B. hyponymy C. polysemy D. synonymy

　　20.The part of the grammar that represents a speaker's knowledge of the structure of phrases and sentences is called .
　　A. lexicon²² B. morphology C. syntax D. semantics

　　21.Which of the following items is not one of the grammatical categories of English pronouns?
　　A. gender²³ B. number C. case D. voice

　　22.The pair of words "lend" and "borrow" are
　　A. gradable opposites B. converse²⁴ opposites C. co-hyponyms D. synonyms²⁵

　　23."Big" and "Small" are a pair of opposites.
　　A. complementary B. gradable C. complete D. converse

　　24.According to C. Morris and R. Carnap, which is studies the relationship between symbols and their interpreters?
　　A. syntax B. semantics C. pragmatics D. sociolinguistics

　　25.There are deixis in the sentence she has sold it here yesterday.
　　A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6

　　26.In the following conversation:
　　- Beirut is in Peru, isn't it?
　　- And Rome is in Romania, I suppose.
　　The second person violates the
　　A. Quantity Maxim²⁶ B. Quality Maxim C. Relation Maxim D. Manner Maxim

　　27.The maxim of requires that a participant's contribution be relevant to the conversation.
　　A. quantity B. quality C. manner D. relation

点击

收听单词发音

1 symbolic
adj.象征性的，符号的，象征主义的
参考例句：
It is symbolic of the fighting spirit of modern womanhood.它象征着现代妇女的战斗精神。 The Christian ceremony of baptism is a symbolic act.基督教的洗礼仪式是一种象征性的做法。

2 dual
adj.双的；二重的，二元的
参考例句：
The people's Republic of China does not recognize dual nationality for any Chinese national.中华人民共和国不承认中国公民具有双重国籍。 He has dual role as composer and conductor.他兼作曲家及指挥的双重身分。

3 informative
adj.提供资料的，增进知识的
参考例句：
The adverts are not very informative.这些广告并没有包含太多有用信息。 This intriguing book is both thoughtful and informative.这本引人入胜的书既有思想性又富知识性。

4 anonymous
adj.无名的；匿名的；无特色的
参考例句：
Sending anonymous letters is a cowardly act.寄匿名信是懦夫的行为。 The author wishes to remain anonymous.作者希望姓名不公开。

5 competence
n.能力，胜任，称职
参考例句：
This mess is a poor reflection on his competence.这种混乱情况说明他难当此任。 These are matters within the competence of the court.这些是法院权限以内的事。

6 vowels
n.元音，元音字母( vowel的名词复数 )
参考例句：
Vowels possess greater sonority than consonants. 元音比辅音响亮。来自《现代英汉综合大词典》 Note the various sounds of vowels followed by r. 注意r跟随的各种元音的发音。来自超越目标英语第3册

7 consonants
n.辅音，子音( consonant的名词复数 )；辅音字母
参考例句：
Consonants are frequently assimilated to neighboring consonants. 辅音往往被其邻近的辅音同化。来自《简明英汉词典》 Vowels possess greater sonority than consonants. 元音比辅音响亮。来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

8 articulation
n.（清楚的）发音；清晰度，咬合
参考例句：
His articulation is poor.他发音不清楚。 She spoke with a lazy articulation.她说话慢吞吞的。

9 obstruction
n.阻塞，堵塞；障碍物
参考例句：
She was charged with obstruction of a police officer in the execution of his duty.她被指控妨碍警察执行任务。 The road was cleared from obstruction.那条路已被清除了障碍。

10 linguistics
n.语言学
参考例句：
She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。 Linguistics is a scientific study of the property of language.语言学是指对语言的性质所作的系统研究。

11 minimal
adj.尽可能少的，最小的
参考例句：
They referred to this kind of art as minimal art.他们把这种艺术叫微型艺术。 I stayed with friends, so my expenses were minimal.我住在朋友家，所以我的花费很小。

12 distinctive
adj.特别的，有特色的，与众不同的
参考例句：
She has a very distinctive way of walking.她走路的样子与别人很不相同。 This bird has several distinctive features.这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。

13 syllable
n.音节；vt.分音节
参考例句：
You put too much emphasis on the last syllable.你把最后一个音节读得太重。 The stress on the last syllable is light.最后一个音节是轻音节。

14 syllables
n.音节( syllable的名词复数 )
参考例句：
a word with two syllables 双音节单词 'No. But I'll swear it was a name of two syllables.' “想不起。不过我可以发誓，它有两个音节。” 来自英汉文学 - 双城记

15 onset
n.进攻，袭击，开始，突然开始
参考例句：
The drug must be taken from the onset of the infection.这种药必须在感染的最初期就开始服用。 Our troops withstood the onset of the enemy.我们的部队抵挡住了敌人的进攻。

16 physically
adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律
参考例句：
He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。 Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。

17 underlying
adj.在下面的，含蓄的，潜在的
参考例句：
The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。 This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。

18 plural
n.复数；复数形式；adj.复数的
参考例句：
Most plural nouns in English end in's '.英语的复数名词多以s结尾。 Here you should use plural pronoun.这里你应该用复数代词。

19 prefix
n.前缀；vt.加…作为前缀；置于前面
参考例句：
We prefix "Mr."to a man's name.我们在男士的姓名前加“先生”。 In the word "unimportant ","un-" is a prefix.在单词“unimportant”中“un”是前缀。

20 suffix
n.后缀；vt.添后缀
参考例句：
We add the suffix "ly" to make the adjective "quick" into the adverb " quickly ".我们在形容词“ quick”后加“ly” 构成副词“quickly”。 It described the meaning of suffix array and also how to built it.它描述的含义，后缀数组以及如何建立它。

21 homonymy
n.同名，歧义
参考例句：

22 lexicon
n.字典，专门词汇
参考例句：
Chocolate equals sin in most people's lexicon.巧克力在大多数人的字典里等同于罪恶。 Silent earthquakes are only just beginning to enter the public lexicon.无声地震才刚开始要成为众所周知的语汇。

23 gender
n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性
参考例句：
French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。 Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

24 converse
vi.谈话，谈天，闲聊；adv.相反的，相反
参考例句：
He can converse in three languages.他可以用3种语言谈话。 I wanted to appear friendly and approachable but I think I gave the converse impression.我想显得友好、平易近人些,却发觉给人的印象恰恰相反。

25 synonyms
同义词( synonym的名词复数 )
参考例句：
If you want to grasp English, you must carefully discriminate synonyms. 如果你想掌握好英语，你必须仔细区分同义词。 Study the idioms and synonyms l wrote down before your test. 学考试前我给你写的习惯用语和同义字。

26 maxim
n.格言，箴言
参考例句：
Please lay the maxim to your heart.请把此格言记在心里。 "Waste not,want not" is her favourite maxim.“不浪费则不匮乏”是她喜爱的格言。

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