1999全国硕士研究生入学考试

英语试卷

Part Ⅱ Cloze Test

Directions:

For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)

Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies  with  low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them alive and active. When the work is well done, a climate of accident-free operations is established where time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.

Successful safety programs may differ greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by observing rules or regulations. Still others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must e used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.

There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety pays off. The fewer the injury claims, the better the workman’s insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at a profit or at a loss.

41.  A] at  B] in  C] on  D] with

42.  A] alive B] vivid  C]mobile D] diverse

43.  A] regulation B] climate C] circumstance D] requirement

44.  A] where B] how C] what D] unless

45.  A] alter B] differ C] shift D] distinguish

46.  A] constituting  B] aggravating C] observing D] justifying¹

47.  A] Some B]Many C] Even D] Still

48.  A] comes off B] turns up C] pays off D] holds up

49.  A] claims B] reports C] declarations D] proclamations

50.  A] an advantage B] a benefit C] an interest D] a profit

译文：

安全生产并非始自今日。事故发生率较低的公司往往制订安全计划，尽力安排计划的实施，并不断努力使其保持活力、发挥作用。当上述工作圆满完成时，一个无事故的作业环境便建立起来。在这里，因人员伤害而损失的时间便会保持在最低水平。

各种有效的安全计划其侧重点上很不相同。有些计划注重机械保护，另一些则强强调通过招待各种规章制度来进行安全生产。还有一些计划则主要靠对工人们，晓之以理，动之以情。但是如果要取得最好的结果，每个安全计划都要遵循一定的基本思想。

安全生产的价值无庸置疑。单从经济角度来看，安全生产也是大有裨益的。伤害索赔越少，员工的保险率就越高。它可能意味着企业经营的盈亏。

2000全国硕士研究生入学考试

英语试卷

Part Ⅱ Cloze Test

Directions:

For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)

If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain instead of consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family only if he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance against the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to replace old agricultural implements² and obtain chemical fertilizers to feed the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation channels and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be self-sufficient. He must either sell some of his property or seek extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low rate of interest, but loans of this kind are not frequently obtainable.

41.  A] other than B] as well as C] instead of D] more than

42.  A] only if B] much as C] long before D] ever since

43.  A] for  B] against C] of D] towards

44.  A] replace B] purchase C] supplement D] dispose

45.  A] enhance B] mix C] feed D] raise

46.  A] vessels³ B] routes C] paths D] channels

47.  A] self-confident B] self-sufficient C] self-satisfied D] self-restrained

48.  A] search  B] save C] offer D]seek

49.  A] proportion B] percentage  C] rate D] ratio

50.  A] genuinely B] obviously C] presumably D] frequently

译文：

农民要想成功，必须在其消费与生产之间努力保持较大的距离。他必须储存大量的粮食，而不是将全部粮食马

上消费掉。只有生产有剩余，他才能养活他自己及其家人。农民必须以如下三种方式来使用这些剩余粮食：留作播种用，留作备荒用，留作商品卖掉以更新农具和买化肥用。要修建灌溉沟渠，或以其他方式改善农田，也可能需要钱。没有余粮，农民就不能自给自足。要么卖掉一些财产，要么通过贷款寻求资金。自然他会努力获取低息贷款，但是不能经常借到这种低息贷款。

2001全国硕士研究生入学考试

英语试卷

Part Ⅱ Cloze Test

Directions:

For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)

The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases such as the trial of Rosemary West.

In a significant tightening⁴ of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor⁵, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly⁶ control the amount of publicity⁷ that can be given to a case before a trial begins.

In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he agreed with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not offer sufficient control.

Publication of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a storm of media protest when he said the interpretation⁸ of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges rather than to Parliament.

The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which makes the European Convention on Human Rights legally binding⁹ in Britain, laid down that everybody was entitled to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.

“Press freedoms will be in safe hands with our British judges, ” he said.

Witness payments became an issue after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were said to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised that witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to ensure guilty verdicts.

31.  A] as to B] for instance C] in particular D] such as

32.  A] tightening B] intensifying C] focusing D] fastening

33.  A] sketch B] rough  C] preliminary  D] draft

34.  A] illogical B] illegal C] improbable D] improper¹⁰

35.  A] publicity B] penalty C] popularity D] peculiarity¹¹

36.  A] since B] if C]before  D] as

37.  A] sided B] shared C] complied D] agreed

38.  A] present B] offer C] manifest D] indicate

39.  A] Release B] Publication C] Printing D] Exposure

40.  A] storm   B] rage C] flare D]flash

41.  A] translation B] interpretation C] exhibition D] demonstration¹²

42.  A] better than   B] other than  C] rather than  D] sooner than

43.  A] changes  B] convincing C] restraining D] sustaining

44.  A] binding B] convincing C] entitled D] qualified¹³

45.  A] authorized B] credited C] inference D] issue

46.  A] with B] to C] from D] by

47.  A] impact  B] incident C] inference D] issue

48.  A] stated B] remarked C] said D] told

49.  A] what B] when C] which D] that

50.  A] assure B] confide C] ensure D] guarantee

译文：

报界付款给那些牵到大案要案（诸如Rosemary West案件）的证人，以图买断。政府对此将要予以查禁。

为了更有效地对新闻界实施合法监控，大法官Irvine勋爵将草拟的法案。该法案将提出，付款给证人是非法的；在审判开始前，对案件的暴光度要严格控制。

在写给众议院新闻媒体特别委员会 Gerald Kaufman主席的信中，Irvine勋爵说，他赞同委员会今年的报告，该报告称，自我约束并未实施足够的监控。

Irvine勋爵说，对欧洲立法中所包涵的关于个人隐私监控权的解释，将留给法官，而不是议会。这招致新闻媒体的一片抗议。此后两天，信被公之于世。

大法官说，引入《人权法案》使得《欧洲人权公约》在英国有了法律效力，按规定，人人都享有个人隐私权，公众人物可以到法庭去保护自己及其家人。

他说“由我们英国的法官来负责，新闻自由将安然无恙”。

1995年，Rosemary West被判十项无期徒刑，此后，付款给证人的作法成为争议颇多的问题。据说，足有19个人因向报界讲述其经历而获得报酬。人们开始关注：（接受报酬）可能会鼓励证人在法庭上夸大他们经历的事情，来保证（陪审团对被告）做出有罪的裁定。

2002全国硕士研究生入学考试

英语试卷

Part Ⅱ Cloze Test

Directions:

For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)

Comparisons were drawn¹⁴ between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion¹⁵ of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened between. As was discussed before, it was not until the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant¹⁶ pre-electronic medium, following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the company of the periodical. It was during the same time the communications revolution speeded up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading on through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures into the 20th-century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so.

It is generally recognized, however, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically¹⁷ changed the process, although its impact on the media was not immediately apparent. As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became “personal” too, as well as institutional, with display becoming sharper and storage capacity increasing. They were thought of, like people, in terms of generations, with the distance between generations much smaller.

It was within the computer age that the term “information society” began to be widely used to describe the context within which we now live. The communications revolution has influenced both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been controversial views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. “Benefits” have been weighed against “harmful” outcomes. And generalizations¹⁸ have proved difficult.

21.  A] between  B] before C] since D] later

22.  A] after B] by C] during D] until

23.  A] means B] method C] medium D] measure

24.  A] process B] company C] light D] form

25.  A] gathered B] speeded C] worked D] picked

26.  A] on B] out C] over D] off

27.  A] of  B] for C] beyond D] into

28.  A] concept B] dimension C] effect  D] perspective

29.  A] indeed B] hence C] however D] therefore

30.  A] brought B] followed C] stimulated D] characterized

31.  A] unless B] since C] lest D] although

32.  A] apparent B] desirable C] negative D] plausible¹⁹

33.  A] institutional  B] universal C] fundamental D] instrumental

34.  A]ability B] capability C] capacity D] faculty²⁰

35.  A] by means of B] in terms of  C] capacity D] faculty

36.  A] deeper B] fewer  C] nearer D] smaller

37.  A] context B] range C] scope D] territory

38.  A] regarded B] impressed C]influenced D] effected

39.  A] competitive B] controversial C] distracting D] irrational²¹

40.  A] above B] upon C] against D] with

译文：

人们曾把20世纪电视的发展与15、16世纪印刷术的传播进行过比较。然而在这段时间之间还发生过许多事情。正如前面所讨论的，直到19世纪，报纸才继小册子和书本之后，与期刊一起，成为电子时代之前最重要的传媒。正是与此同时，通信革命加速发展，从铁路运输开始，发展到电报、电话、无线电和电影，直到20世纪的汽车和飞机。并非人人教正确地看到这一进程，而做到这点是很重要的。

然而，人们普遍认为，20世纪初期出现的电脑，及随后60年代发明的集成电路，虽然对传媒没有产生立竿见影的影响，但是却完全改变了发展进程。随着时间推移，电脑变得越来越小，性能越来越强，而且，随着显示（效果）越来越清晰及存储量越来越大，电脑已不只是团体机构的用具，也成了个人的用具。像人一样，电脑也按“代”来划分，而且代与代之间的间距越来越小。

正是在这个计算机时代，“信息社会”这个词开始广泛用来描述我们所生存的环境。通信革命对工作、休闲以及我们思考和感受时空的方式都产生了影响，但是也产生了关于其经济、政治、社会及文化含义的不同看法。“益处”要针对产生的“害处”来权衡。很难一概而论。

2003全国硕士研究生入学考试

英语试卷

Part Ⅱ Cloze Test

Directions:

For each numbered blank in the following passage, these are four choices marked [A],[B],[C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (10 points)

Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious thought to how they can best accommodate such changes. Growing bodies need movement and exercise, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments²² are admired by others. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide multiple opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group dynamics²³. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the security of some kind of organization with a supportive adult barely visible in the background.

In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have short attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. On the contrary, they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by planning for roles that are within their capabilities²⁴ and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.

21.  A] thought B] idea C] opinion D] advice

22.  A] strengthen B] accommodate C] stimulate D] enhance

23.  A] care B] nutrition C] exercise D] leisure

24.  A] If  B] Although C] Whereas D] Because

25.  A] assistance B] guidance C] confidence D] tolerance²⁵

26.  A] claimed B] admired C] ignored D] surpassed

27.  A] improper B] risky²⁶ C] fair D] wise

28.  A] in effect B] as a result C] for example D] in a sense

29.  A] displaying B] describing C] creating D] exchanging

30.  A] durable B] excessive C] surplus D] multiple

31.  A] group B] individual C] personnel D] corporation

32.  A] consent B] insurance C] admission D] security

33.  A] particularly B] barely C] definitely D] rarely

34.  A] similar B] long C] different D] short

35.  A] if only B] now that C] so that D] even if

36.  A] everything B] anything C] nothing D] something

37.  A] off B] down C] out D] alone

38.  A] On the contrary B] On the average C] On the whole D] On the other hand

39.  A]making B] standing C] planning D] taking

40.  A] capabilities B] responsibilities C] proficiency D] efficiency

译文：

教师需要对青少年智力、情绪和身体各方面的变化加以注意，同时也要对他们如何适应这些变化予以密切关注。发育中的身体需要运动和锻炼，而不仅仅是为了竞技，因为总是要适应新的身体状况和智力和情感方面的诸多新挑战。青少年自我意识特别强，他们需要成功的信心，看到自己的成就他们就需得到他人的赞扬。然而，青少年的生活中通常已是充满竞争，所以明智之举是组织一些胜者多而败者少的活动，例如：出版刊有许多学生撰写书评的通讯，展览学生的美术作品，赞助读书俱乐部。各种小型俱乐部可以提供多种多样的机遇，锻炼孩子的领导才能，也可以借助集体力量成功地提供实践机会。交友对青少年来说极其重要，许多害羞的学生需要来自某种组织的安全感，成人的帮助则应处于几乎看不见的隐蔽地位。

在这些活动中须谨记青少年的注意力持续时间短。应当组织多种多样的活动以迎合他们，尽量让他们的兴趣保持活跃，然后再接上别的活动，这样不会使他们不安，也不会使其他参与者失望。这并不是说成年人一点责任也没有，相反，成年人通过对青少年能力和注意力所及活动的策划以及通过对游戏规则的清晰阐述，帮助学生获得一种参与感。

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