The Worker's Role in Management
　　问题1.Traditional workers showed no interest in management.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　答案：C
　　Traditionally, it has been the worker's role to work and management's role to manage. Managers have planned and directed the firm's operations with little thought to consulting the labor¹ force. Managers have rarely felt compelled to obtain the workers` opinions or to explain their decisions to their employees.
　　问题2.In recent years many management specialists have been arguing for the worker's role in management with two major reasons.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　答案：A
　　At most, companies have provided “ suggestion boxes ” in which workers could place ideas for improving procedures. In recent years, however, many management specialists have been arguing that workers are more than sellers of labor — they have a vital stake in the company and may be able to make significant contributions to its management. 　　Furthermore, major company decisions profoundly affect workers and their dependents. This is particularly true of plant closings, which may put thousands on the unemployment lines. Should workers, then, play a stronger role in management?
　　Workers should have a role in management. At the very least, the labor force should be informed of major policy decisions. （ A common complaint among rank-and-file workers is the lack of information about company policies and actions.） Between 1980 and 1985 about five million workers were the victims of plant closings and permanent layoffs<sup>2</sup>, often with no warning.
　　问题3.Since policy decisions are business secrets of a firm, workers should not be informed of them.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　答案：B
　　问题4.Before closing, a plant should put up a notice（贴出布告） and keep it for 90 days.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　答案：B
　　At least 90 days` notice ought to be given in such instances so that workers have time to adjust.
　　问题5.The worker's participation³ in management might save a plant from closing down.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　答案：A
　　Management should consult workers before closing a plant, because the workers might be able to suggest ways of improving productivity and reducing costs and might be willing to make concessions⁴ that will help keep the plant operating.
　　6.One of the advantage of involving workers in making a decision is that the interpersonal relationship between workers and managers can be improved.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　答案：C
　　7.An efficient and productive workers should be rewarded with anything but shares of a plant.
　　A.Right
　　B.Wrong
　　C.Not mentioned
　　答案：B
　　It should become a general practice to include workers in some managerial decision making. There ought to be representatives of the workers on the firm's board of directors or other major policymaking groups. If rank-and-file workers are given a voice in the planning and management of the work flow, they will help to make improvements, their morale⁵ will rise, and their productivity will increase. As a further incentive⁶, they must be given a share in the company's profits. This can be done through employee stockownership plans, bonuses, or rewards for efficiency and productivity. Finally, when a plant can no longer operate at a profit, the workers should be given the opportunity to purchase the plant and run it themselves.

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