全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于修改《中华人民共和国商业银行法
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(Adopted at the 6th Meeting or the standing1 committee of the tenth National people's congress on December 27,2003)

颁布日期:20031227  实施日期:20040201  颁布单位:全国人大常委会

  Order of the president of the people's Republic of China No 13

  The Decision of the standing committee of the National people's congress on Amending3 the Law of the people's Republic of china on commercial Banks, adopted at the 6th Meeting of the standing committee of the tenth National people's congress of the people's republic of china on December 27, 2003, is hereby promulgated4 and shall go into effect as of February 1,2004.

  Hu Jintao president of the people's Republic of china December27,2003

  At its 6th meeting the standing committee of the tenth National people's congress decided5 to amend2 law of the people's Republic of china on commercial banks as follows:

  1 subparagraph (4)in the first paragraph of article 3 is revised to read, “handling the acceptance and discounting of negotiable instruments;” subparagraph(7)is revised to read, “buying and selling government bonds;” and one subparagraph is added as subparagraph (10),which reads, “engaging in the business of band cards.”

  One paragraph is added as the third paragraph, which reads, “Upon approval of the people's bank of china, commercial banks may engage in the business of the settlement and sale of foreign exchange.”

  2 the first paragraph of article 4 is remised to rend6, “the business operations of commercial banks shall be governed by the principles of safety, liquidity7 and efficiency. commercial banks shall make their own decisions regarding their business operations, take responsibility for their own risks, assume sole responsibility for their profits and losses and exercise self -restriction.”

  3 article 10 is revised to read, “commercial banks shall, in accordance with law, accept supervision8 and control of the banking9 regulatory authority under the state council, but where laws provide that their relevant business operations shall be subject to supervision and control of other regulatory departments or bodies, such provisions shall prevail. ”and, accordingly, “the people's Bank of china ”in article 3,11,14,15,16,19,20,21,and 23 the first paragraph of Article 24, and Article 25,39,56,62,64,and 65 and Article 67 through Article 71 is revised to be “the banking regulatory authority under the state council.”

  4 subparagraph (3)in the first paragraph of article 12 is revised to read, “having directors and other senior administrators11 with the expertise12 and experience in work commensurate with the positions they are holding.”

  The second paragraph is revised to read, “the establishment of commercial bank shall, in addition meet other requirements of prudence13.”

  5 article 13 is revised to read, “the minimum amount of registered capital required for the establishment of a national commercial bank shall be RMB one billion yuan. The minimum amount of registered capital requited14 for the establishment of an urban commercial bank shall be100 million yuan, and the minimum amount of registered capital required for the establishment of a rural commercial bank shall be 50 million yuan. registered capital shall be paid -up capital.

  The banking regulatory authority under the state council may readjust the minimum amount of registered capital on the basis of the requirements of prudent15 supervision and control, however, the readjusted amount may not be lower than the amount specified16 in the preceding paragraph.“

  6 subparagraph (2) of article 15 is revised to read, “the qualification certificates of the director or other senior administrator10 who is to hold office; ”and subparagraph (5)is revised to read, “credit-worthiness certificates and relevant information concerning the shareholders17 that hold five percent or the registered capital each.”

  7 the first paragraph of article 18 is revised to read, “A board of supervisors18 shall be established in s wholly state-owned commercial bank, Measures for forming the board of supervisors shall be formulated20 by the state council.”

  8 subparagraph (5)in the first paragraph of article 24 is revised to read, “change of shareholders that hold five percent or more of more of the total amount of capital or shares each.”

  The second paragraph is revised to read, “when a director or a senior administrator is to be replaced, the qualifications of the substitute for the position shall be submitted to the banking regulatory authority under the state council for examination.”

  9 the wording of “none of the following persons may serve as a senior administrator of a commercial bank ”in article 27 is revised to read, “None of the following persons may serve as a director or a senior administrator of a commercial bank.”

  10 article 28 is revised to read, “purchase by any unit or individual of 5 percent or more of the total amount of the shares of a commercial bank shall be subject to prior approval by the banking regulatory authority under the state council.”

  11 the second paragraph of article 41 is deleted.

  12 the second paragraph of article 42 is revised to read: “if a borrower fails to repay a secured loan upon maturity21, the commercial bank shall lawfully23 have the right to require the surety to repay the loan principal and the interest thereon or the right to preferential compensation in respect of the collateral25 . Immovable property or stock rights obtained by a commercial bank through the exercise of the right of the right of mortgage or the right of pledge shall be disposed of by it within two years from the date it obtains the same.”

  13.article 43 is revised to read, “No commercial banks may , within the territory of the people's Republic of china, engage in trust investment or securities business, or invest in immovable property which is not for private use, in non-banking financial institutions or in enterprises, except where other otherwise provided for in the regulations of the state.”

  14.the first paragraph of article 46 is revised to read: “Inter-bank lending shall be carried out in adherence26 to the regulations of the people's Bank of china. It is forbidden to use such loans for granting fixed27 assets loans or making investment.”

  15. article 50 is revised to read, “in carrying out business operations and providing services, commercial banks shall charge commissions in accordance with relevant regulations. The items and rates for such commissions shall be specified by the banking regulatory authority under the state council and the people's Bank of china based on their divisions of responsibilities, in conjunction with department of pricing under the state council respectively.”

  16. Article 54 is revised to read, “commercial banks shall establish and perfect their own financial and accounting28 systems in accordance with laws, the uniform accounting system of the state and the relevant regulations of the banking regulatory authority under the state council.”

  17 Article 55 is revised to read, “Commercial banks shall, in accordance with relevant state regulations, truthfully record and give a complete account of their business activities and financial positions, draw up annual financial and accounting reports and, without delay, submit them to the banking regulatory authority under the state council, the people's Bank of china the department of finance under the state council. commercial banks may not establish any account books in addition to statutory account books.”

  18 Article 59 is revised to read, “commercial banks shall, in accordance with relevant regulations formulate19 their own operating rules, and establish and perfect their systems for risk management and internal control.”

  19 Article 61 is revised to read, “commercial banks shall, in accordance with relevant regulations, submit to the banking regulatory authority under the state council and the people's Bank of china their balance sheets, profit accounts and other financial, accounting and statistical29 statements and information.”

  20 One paragraph is added to article 62 as the second paragraph, which reads, “the people's bank of china shall have the power to inspect and supervise the commercial banks in accordance with the provisions of article 32 and 34 of the law of the people's Republic of china on people's bank of china.”

  21 one paragraph is added to article 73 as the second paragraph, which reads, “If a commercial bank commits of the specified in the preceding paragraph, it shall be instructed by the banking regulatory authority under the council to rectify30 and its unlawful gains shall be confiscated31; if the unlawful gains exceed 50,000yuan, it shall, in addition, be fined not less than the amount of such gains but not more than five times that amount, and if there are no unlawful gains or such gains are less than 50,000 yuan, it shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan.”

  22 Article 74 is revised to read, “If a commercial bank commits one of the following acts, it shall be instructed by the banking regulatory authority under the state council to rectify; if there are unlawful gains, such gains shall be confiscated, if the unlawful gains exceed 500,000 yuan, it shall, in addition, be fined not less than the amount of such gains but not more than five times that amount; if there are no unlawful gains or such gains are less than 500,000 yuan, it shall be fined not less than 500,000 yuan but not more than 2,000,000 yuan; if the circumstances are particularly serious, or if the bank fails to rectify at the expiration32 of the time limit, the banking regulatory authority under the state council may instruct it to suspend business for rectification33 or may revoke34 its business license35; and if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

  “(1) establishing a branch without approval;

  “(2)dividing or merging36 without approval or, in violation37 of relevant regulations, failing to report for approval changes to be made;

  “(3)raising or lowering interest rates, in violation of relevant regulations or taking in deposits or granting loans by other illegitimate means;

  “(4)leasing out or lending its business license;

  “(5)buying and selling or acting38 as an agent for the purchase and sale of, foreign exchange without approval;

  “(6)buying or selling government bonds or issuing, buying or selling financial bonds without approval;

  “(7)in violation of relevant state regulations, engaging in trust investment and the business of securities, investing in immovable property which in not for private use, or investing in non-banking financial institutions or enterprises; and

  “(8) granting fiduciary39 loans to its connections or granting guaranteed loans to its connections on conditions that are more preferential than those for granting the same to other borrowers.”

  23 One article added as Article 75, which reads, “If a commercial bank commits one of the following acts, it shall be instructed by the banking regulatory authority under the state council to rectify and, in addition, be fined not less than 200,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan; if the circumstances are particularly serious, or if the bank fails to rectify at the expiration of the time limit, the banking regulatory authority under the state council may instruct it to suspend business for rectification or revoke its business license, and if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

  “(1)refusing to accept, or hindering, inspection40 and supervision by the banking regulatory authority under the state council;

  “(2) providing financial and accounting reports, statements and statistical statements which are false or in which important facts are concealed41; or

  “(3) failing to observe the regulations governing the capital adequacy ratio, the ratio of deposits to loans, the asset liquidity ratio, the ratio concerning loans granted to the same borrower, or other regulations of the banking regulatory authority under the state council relating to control of assets-liabilities ratio.”

  24 One article is added as Article 76, which reads, “If a commercial bank commits one of the following acts, it shall be instructed by the people's bank of china rectify; if the unlawful gains, such it shall be confiscated; if the unlawful gains exceed 500,000 yuan, it shall, in addition, be fined not less than the amount of such gains but not more than five times that amount; if there are no unlawful gains or such gains are less than 500,000 yuan, it shall fined not less than 500,000 yuan but not more than 2,000,000 yuan; if the circumstances are particularly serious, or if the bank fails to rectify at the expiration of the time limit, the people's bank of china may put forward a proposal than the banking regulatory authority under the state council instruct it to suspend business for rectification or revoke its business license; and if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

  “(1)engaging in the settlement and sale of foreign exchange without approval;

  “(2)without approval, issuing buying or selling financial bonds at interbank bond markets, or borrowing loans from abroad; or

  “(3)in violation of relevant regulations, engaging in inter-bank lending.”

  25 One article is added as Article 77, which reads, “If a commercial bank commits one of the following acts, it shall be instructed by the people's Bank of china to rectify and, in addition be fined not less than 200,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan; if the circumstances are particularly serious, or if the bank fails to rectify at the expiration of the time limit, the people's Bank of china may put forward a proposal than the banking regulatory authority under the state council instruct it to suspend business for rectification or revoke its business license; and if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

  “(1)refusing to accept, or hindering, inspection and supervision by the people's Bank of china;

  “(2)providing financial and accounting reports, statements and statistical statements which are false or in which important facts are concealed; or

  “(3) failing to place a deposit reserve in the proportion specified by the people's Bank of china.”

  26 Article 75 is deleted.

  27 Article 76 is changed to be Article 78, which is revised to read, “If a commercial bank commits one of the acts specified from Article 73 through Article 77 of this law, the directors and senior administrators who are directly in charge and the other persons who are directly responsible shall be given disciplinary sanctions, and if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.”

  28 Article 77 is changed to be Article 79, which revised to read, “Any unit or individual than commits one of the following acts shall be instructed by the banking regulatory authority under the state council to rectify, if there are unlawful gains, such gains shall be confiscated, if the unlawful gains exceed 50,000 yuan, it shall, in addition, be fined not less than the amount of such gains but not more than five time that amount; and if there are no unlawful gains or such gains are less than 50,000 yuan, it shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan:

  “(1)using the word ”bank“ in its name without approval;

  “(2)purchasing 5 percent or more of the total amount of the shares of a commercial bank without approval; or

  “(3)opening an account in the name of an individual to deposit the funds of the unit.”

  29 Article 78 is changed to be Article 80, which is revised to read, “If a commercial bank fails to submit the relevant documents and information to the banking regulatory authority under the state council in accordance with relevant regulations it shall be instructed by the said authority to rectify; and if it fails to rectify at the expiration of the time limit, it shall be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 300,000 yuan.

  “If a commercial bank fails to submit the relevant documents and information to the people's bank of china in accordance with relevant regulations, it shall be instructed by the people's Bank of china to rectify; and if it fails to rectify at the expiration of the time limit, it shall be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 300,000 yuan.”

  30 Article 79 is changed to be Article 81, which is revised to read, “Any unit or individual, without approval of the banking regulatory authority under the state council, establishes a commercial bank, or illegally takes in deposits from the general public or does so in disguised form, which is serious enough to constitute a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law, and such a commercial bank shall be closed down by the banking regulatory under the state council.

  “Any unit or individual that fabricates, counterfeits42 or transfers the business license of a commercial bank, which is serious enough to constitute a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.”

  31 One article is added as Article 83, which reads, “Any unit or individual commits one of the acts specified in Article 81 and 82 of this law, which is not serious enough to constitute a crime, its /his unlawful gains shall be confiscated by the banking regulatory authority under the state council; if the unlawful gains exceed 500,000 yuan, it /he shall, in addition, be fined not less than the amount of such gains but not more than five times that amount; and if there are no unlawful gains or such gains are less than 500,000 yuan, it /he shall be fined not less than 500,000 yuan but not more than 2,000,000 yuan.”

  32 Article 81 is changed to be article 84, the first paragraph of which is revised to read, “If an employee of a commercial bank, taking advantage of his duties, demands, receives or accepts bribes43 or, in violation of state regulations, receives or accepts rebates44 or commissions of any description, which is serious enough to constitute, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law, and if it is not serious enough to constitute a crime a disciplinary sanction shall be imposed in him.”

  33 Article 82 is changed to be Article 85, which is revised to read, “If an employee of a commercial bank taking advantage of his duties, embezzles46, misappropriates or takes into his possession money belonging to the bank or any client, which is serious enough to constitute a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law, and if is not serious enough to constitute a crime, a disciplinary sanction shall be imposed on him.”

  34.One article is added as Article 89, which reads, “If commercial banks violate the provisions of this law, the banking regulatory authority under the state council may, on the merits of each case, disqualify for the positions for a certain period of time or even for the rest of their lives, the directors or senior administrators who are directly in charge, or prohibit the directors or senior administrators who are directly in charge and the other persons who are directly responsible from working in the banking industry for a certain period of time or even for the rest of their lives.

  “If the act committed by a commercial bank is not serious enough to constitute a crime, disciplinary warning shall be given to the director or senior administrator directly in charge or the other person directly responsible, and a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan shall be imposed.”

  35 Article 86 is changed to be Article 90, which is revised to read, “If a commercial bank or its employees disagree with a decision on a punishment made by the banking regulatory authority under state council, or the people's Bank of china, they may institute proceedings47 with a people's court in accordance with the provisions of the Administrative48 procedure law of the people's Republic of china.”

  36 Article 88 is changed to be Article 92, which is revised to read, “the provisions of this law shall be applicable to foreign-invested commercial banks, commercial banks of Chinese-foreign equity49 joint50 venture and branches of foreign commercial banks, and where other laws and administrative regulations provide otherwise, the provisions of those laws and administrative regulations shall prevail.”

  37.article 90 is changed to be Article 94, which is revised to read, “the relevant provisions of this law shall be applicable to postal51 enterprises in handling relevant business of commercial banks.” this Decision shall be implemented53 as of February 1,2004.

  The law of the people's Republic of china on commercial Banks shall be repromulgated after the revisions are made according to this Decision and the order of the articles rearranged accordingly.

  Appendix:

  Law of the people's Republic of china on commercial Banks

  (Adopted at the 13th meeting of the standing committee of the Eighth National people's congress on May 10 1995, and amended54 in accordance with the Decision of the standing committee of the National people's congress on amending the law of the people's Republic of china on commercial Banks adopted at the sixth Meeting of the standing committee of the tenth national people's congress on December 27,2003)

  contents

  Chapter I General provisions

  Chapter II Establishment and organizational structure of commercial banks

  Chapter III Protection of Depositors

  Chapter IV Basic Rules for Loans and Other Business Operations

  Chapter V Financial Affairs and Accounting

  Chapter VI Supervision and control

  Chapter VII Assumption of control and termination

  Chapter VIII Legal responsibility

  Chapter IX supplementary55 provisions

  Chapter I

  General provisions

  Article 1 this law is enacted56 in order to protect the lawful22 rights and interests of commercial banks, depositors and other clients, to standardize57 the behavior of commercial banks, to ensure the stable and sound operation of commercial banks, to maintain financial order and to promote the development of the socialist58 market economy.

  Article 2 For the purposes of this law, the term “commercial banks ”means enterprise legal persons that are established in conformity59 with this law and the company law of the people's republic of china and that take in deposits from the general public, grant loans, handle settlements, etc.

  Article 3 commercial banks may engage in some or all of the following business operations:

  (1)taking in deposits from the general public;

  (2)granting short-term medium-term and long-term loans;

  (3)handling domestic and foreign settlements;

  (4)handling the acceptance and discounting of negotiable instruments;

  (5)issuing financial bonds;

  (6)acting as an agent for the issue, honoring and underwriting of government bonds;

  (7)buying and selling government bonds and financial binds60

  (8)engaging in interbank lending;

  (9)buying and selling foreign exchange and acting as an agent for the purchase and sale of foreign exchange;

  (10) engaging in the business of bank cards;

  (11) providing letter of credit services and guaranty;

  (12) acting as agent for the receipt and payment of money and acting as an insurance agent;

  (13) providing safe deposit box services; and

  (14) other business operations as approved by the banking regulatory authority under the state council.

  The scope of business shall be specified in the articles of association of the commercial bank, and submitted to the banking regulatory authority under the state council for approval.

  Upon approval of the people's Bank of china, commercial banks may engage in the business of the settlement and sale of foreign exchange.

  Article 4 the business operations of commercial banks shall be governed by the principles of safety liquidity and efficiency. commercial banks shall make their own decisions regarding their business operations, take responsibility for their own risks, assume sole responsibility for their profits and losses and exercise self-restriction.

  Commercial banks shall, pursuant to law, conduct business operations without interference from any unit or individual.

  Commercial banks shall independently assume civil liability with their entire legal person property.

  Article 5 commercial banks shall adhere to the principles of equality, voluntariness, fairness and good faith in business dealings with their clients.

  Article 6 commercial bands shall safeguard the lawful rights and interests of depositors against infringement61 by any unit or individual.

  Article 7 In credit transactions, commercial banks shall strictly62 examine the credit-worthiness of a borrower and implement52 the system of guaranty in order to ensure that the loan is recovered on schedule.

  Commercial banks shall be protected by law when they recover the principal of loans that have become due and the interest thereon from the borrowers in accordance with legal provisions.

  Article 8 In business transactions, commercial banks shall abide63 by the relevant provisions of laws and administrative rules and regulations and may not harm the interests of the state or of the public.

  Article 9 In business transactions commercial banks shall abide by the principle of fair competition and may not engage in illegitimate competition.

  Article 10 commercial banks shall in accordance with law, accept supervision and control of the banking regulatory authority under the state council, but where laws provide that their relevant business operations shall be subject to supervision and control of other regulatory departments or bodies, such provisions shall prevail.

  Chapter II

  Establishment and organizational structure of commercial Banks

  Article 11 the establishment of commercial banks shall be subject to examination and approval by the regulatory authority under the state council.

  No unit or individual may engage in commercial banking business such as taking in deposits from the general public and no unit may use the word “bank” in its name, without approval of the banking regulatory authority under the state council.

  Article 12 A commercial bank shall meet the following requirements for establishment:

  (1)having articles of association that conform to this law and the company law of the people's republic of china;

  (2)having the minimum amount of registered capital as specified in this law;

  (3)having directors and other senior administrators with the expertise and experience in work commensurate with the positions they are holding;

  (4)having a sound organizational structure and management system; and

  (5)having the required place of business, security and precautionary measures and other facilities relevant to it business operations.

  The establishment of a commercial bank shall in addition, meet other requirements of qrudence.

  Article 13 the minimum amount of registered capital required for the establishment of a national commercial bank shall be RMB one billion yuan. The minimum amount of registered capital required for the establishment of an urban commercial bank shall be 100 million yuan, and the minimum amount of registered capital required for the establishment of a rural commercial bank shall be 50 million yuan. Registered capital shall be paid -up capital.

  The banking regulatory authority under the state council may readjust the minimum amount of registered capital on the basis of the requirements of prudent supervision and control, however the readjusted amount may not be lower than the amount specified in the preceding paragraph.

  Article 14 to establish a commercial bank, the applicant64 shall provide the following documents and information to the banking regulatory authority under the state council:

  (1)a written application, in which the name, location, registered capital, scope of business, etc. of the proposed commercial bank are clearly stated;

  (2)a feasibility study; and

  (3)other documents and information to be provided as specified by the banking regulatory authority under the state council.

  Article 15 if an application for establishing a commercial bank is found, after examination, to be in conformity with the provisions of article 14 of this law, the applicant shall complete an official application form and provide the following documents and information:

  (1)a draft of the articles of association;

  (2)the qualification certificates of the director or other senior administrator who is to hold office;

  (3)an investment verification certificate issued by a statutory investment verification organization;

  (4)a list of the names, capital contributions and shares of shareholders;

  (5)credit-worthiness certificates and relevant information concerning the shareholders that hold five percent or more of the registered capital each;

  (6)business policies and plans;

  (7)information concerning the place of business, security and precautionary measures and other facilities relevant to business operations; and

  (8)other documents and information as specified by the banking regulatory authority under the state council.

  Article 16 A commercial bank the establishment of which has been approved shall be issued a permit for operation by the banking regulatory authority under the state council and, on the strength of such permit, register with the administrative department of industry and commerce and obtain a business license from it.

  Article 17 the organizational form and structure of commercial banks shall be governed by the company law of the people's republic of china.

  Commercial banks, established prior to the implementation65 of this law, that to entirely66 conform to the provisions of the company law of the people's republic of china in organizational form and structure may continue to be governed by previous regulations. The date on which the preceding paragraph shall apply to such commercial banks shall be specified by the state council.

  Article 18 A board of supervisors shall be established in a wholly state-owned commercial bank. Measures for forming the board of supervisors shall be formulated by the state council.

  The board of supervisors shall exercise supervision over the quality of credit assets of the wholly state-owned commercial bank, its assets-liabilities ratios and maintenance of and increase in the value of state-owned assets, and over the senior the senior administrators of the commercial bank to see whether they violate any laws, administrative rules and regulations or the articles of association or commit any which harm the interests of the bank.

  Article 19 commercial banks may establish branches within and outside the people's republic of china, in light of their needs in business operations. The establishment of such a branch shall be subject to examination and approval by the banking regulatory authority under the state council. The establishment of branches within the people's republic of china shall not be restricted by the administrative division of regions.

  When a commercial bank establishes a branch within the people's republic of china, it shall allocate67 operating funds in keeping with the scale of its business, in accordance with regulations. The sum total of operating funds allocated68 to all the branches may not exceed 60 percent of the total amount of the capital of the head office.

  Article 20 To establish a branch of a commercial bank, the applicant shall submit the following documents and information to the banking regulatory authority under the state council:

  (1)a written application, in which the name, amount of operating funds and scope of business of business of the proposed branch, the location of the head office and the branch, etc. are clearly stated;

  (2)the applicant's financial and accounting reports of the preceding two years;

  (3)the qualification certificates of the senior administrators who are to hold office;

  (4)business policies and plans;

  (5)information concerning the place of business, security and precautionary measures and other facilities relevant to business operations; and

  (6)other documents and information as specified by the banking regulatory authority under the state council.

  Article 21 A commercial bank's branch the establishment of which has been approved shall be issued a permit for operation by the banking regulatory authority under the state council and, on the strength of such permit, register with the administrative department of industry and commerce and obtain a business license from it.

  Article 22 with respect to their branches, commercial shall apply across the board a financial system of centralized accounting and centralized movement of funds, and of management at different levels.

  Branches of commercial banks shall not have the status of a legal person and shall lawfully conduct their business operations within the scope authorized69 by their head offices, and their civil liability shall be assumed by their head offices.

  Article 23 the banking regulatory authority under the state council shall announce its approval of the establishment of commercial banks and their branches.

  If a commercial bank or branch thereof fails, without good reason, to commence business more than six months after the sate70 of obtaining its business license or, after commencing business, suspends business without authorization71 for six months or more in succession, the banking regulatory authority under the state council shall revoke its permit for operation and make it known to the public.

  Article 24 A commercial bank shall obtain the approval of the banking regulatory authority under the state council for making any of the following changes:

  (1)change of name;

  (2)change in the registered capital;

  (3)change of location of the head office or a branch;

  (4)adjustment of the scope of business;

  (5)change of shareholders that hold five percent or more of the total amount of capital or shares each;

  (6)revision of the articles of association; or

  (7)changes in other matters as are governed by the regulations of the banking regulatory authority under the state council.

  When a director or a senior administrator is to be replaced, the qualifications of the substitute for the position shall be submitted to the banking regulatory authority under the state council for examination.

  Article 25 Division and merger72 of commercial banks shall be governed by the provisions of the company law of the people's republic of china.

  Division and merger of commercial banks shall be subject to examination and approval by the banking regulatory authority under the state council.

  Article 26 commercial banks shall use their permits for operation in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative rules and regulations, forging, alteration73 assigning, leasing out or lending of such permits prohibited.

  Article 27 None of the following persons may serve as a director or a senior administrator of a commercial bank:

  (1)persons who have been sentenced to criminal punishment for the crime of embezzlement74bribery75seizure76 or misappropriation of property or disruption of the public and economic order, or persons who have been deprived of their political rights for committing a crime;

  (2)directors of companies or enterprises or factory directors or managers who have been subjected to bankruptcy77 liquidation78 due to mismanagement, and who bear personal liability for the bankruptcy;

  (3)legal representatives of companies or enterprises that had their business licenses79 revoked80 for breaking law, who bear personal liability therefor; and

  (4)persons with comparatively large amounts of overdue81 personal debts.

  Article 28 purchase by any unit or individual of five percent or more of the total amount of the shares of a commercial bank shall be subject to prior approval by the people's Bank of china.

  Chapter III

  Protection of Depositors

  Article 29 in handling savings82 deposits for individuals, commercial bands shall adhere to the principles of voluntary deposit, unimpeded withdrawal83, interest payment on deposits and confidentiality84 for the depositors.

  Commercial banks shall have the right to refuse to answer the inquiries85 into and to refuse to freeze, deduct86 or transfer an individual's savings deposits-as made or requested by any unit or individual except where otherwise provided for bylaw.

  Article 30 commercial banks shall have the right to refuse to answer the inquiries into a unit's deposits by any other unit or individual, except where otherwise provided for by laws and administrative rules and regulations, and shall have the right to refuse to freeze, deduct or transfer a unit's deposits as requested by any other unit or individual except where otherwise provided for by law.

  Article 31 commercial banks shall determine the interest rates on deposits in accordance with the upper and lower limits interest rates on deposits specified by the people's Bank of china and made them known to the public.

  Article 32 commercial banks shall place a deposit reserve with the people's bank of china and maintain sufficient provision for payment, in accordance with the regulation of the people's Bank of china.

  Article 33 commercial banks shall guaranty, and may not delay or refuse, payment or the principal of deposits and the interest thereon.

  Chapter IV

  Basic Rules for loans and other business operations

  Article 34 commercial banks shall conduct their business of lending in accordance with the needs of the national economic and social development and under the guidance of the industrial policies of the state.

  Article 35 before granting a loan, ability to repay the loan, method of repayment87, etc.

  When granting a loan commercial banks shall implement the system of separating the examination of a loan from the actual provision of the loan and the system of examination and approval at different levels.

  Article 36 to obtain a loan from a commercial bank, a borrower shall provide a guaranty. The commercial bank shall strictly examine the surety's ability to repay the loan, the ownership and value of the mortgage or the collateral and the feasibility of realizing the right of mortgage or right of pledge.

  If, after examination and appraisal88 by a commercial bank, a borrower's credit is found to be good, and the borrower is deemed truly able to repay the loan, the borrower need not provide a guaranty.

  Article 37 for granting a loan, the commercial bank shall conclude a written contract with the borrower. The contract shall stipulate89 the type, purpose, amount and interest rate of the loan, the time limit for repayment, the method of repayment, liability for breach90 of contract and other matters deemed necessary by the parties.

  Article 38 commercial banks shall determine loan interest rate in accordance with the upper and lower limits for loan interest rates prescribed by the people's bank of china.

  Article 39 when granting a loan, commercial banks shall abide by the following provisions on the control of assets-liabilities ratios:

  (1)the capital adequacy ratio may not be lower than 8 percent;

  (2)the ratio of the outstanding of loans to the outstanding of deposits may not exceed 75 percent;

  (3)the ratio of the balance of floating assets to the balance of floating liabilities may not be lower than 25 percent;

  (4)the ratio of the outstanding of loans granted to the same borrower to the balance of the capital of the commercial bank may not exceed 10 percent; and

  (5)other provisions of the banking regulatory authority under the state council concerning the control of assets-liabilities ratios.

  If, after the implementation of this law, the assets -liabilities ratios of a commercial bank established prior to the implementation of this law are found not in conformity with the provisions of the preceding paragraph, the bank shall make it conform to the provisions of the preceding paragraph within a certain time limit. The specific measures therefor shall be formulated by the state council.

  Article 40 commercial banks may not grant fiduciary loans to their connections. The conditions for granting secured loans to their connections may not be more preferential than those for granting the same type of loans to other borrowers.

  For the purposes of the preceding paragraph, the term “connections ”means:

  (1)directors supervisors, administrators and loan officers of the commercial bank and close relatives of such persons;

  (2)companies, enterprises and other economic organizations in which the persons mentioned in the preceding paragraph have invested or in which they hold senior administrative positions.

  Article 41 No unit or individual may forcibly demand a commercial bank to grant a loan or to provide a guaranty, commercial banks shall have the right to refuse to grant a loan or to provide a guaranty forcibly demanded by any unit or individual.

  Article 42 Borrowers shall repay the loan principal and the interest thereon on schedule.

  If a borrower fails to repay a secured loan upon maturity, the commercial bank shall lawfully have the right to require the surety to repay the loan principal and the interest thereon or the right to preferential compensation in respect of the collateral. Immovable property or stock rights obtained by a commercial bank through the exercise of the right of mortgage or the right of pledge shall be disposed of by it within two years from the date it obtains the same.

  If a borrower fails to repay a fiduciary loan upon maturity, the shall bear liability in accordance with the provisions of the contract.

  Article 43 No commercial banks may, within the territory of the people's republic of china, engage in trust investment or securities business, or incest in immovable property which is not for private use, in non-banking financial institutions or in enterprises, except where other wise provided for in the regulations of the state.

  Article 44 when handling matters of settlement such as acceptance or remittance91 of negotiable instruments or entrusted92 receipt of payment, etc., commercial banks shall encash the instruments and enter receipts and expenditures93 in their accounts within the specified time limits, and may not deliberately94 delay or withhold95 payment of bills and negotiable instruments or reject negotiable instruments in violation of regulations, Regulations relating to the time limits for encashing of instruments and entering of receipts and expenditures in the accounts shall be announced.

  Article 45 to financial bonds or to raise loans from outside the people's republic of china, commercial banks shall first submit applications for approval in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative rules and regulations.

  Article 46 inter-bank lending shall be carried out in adherence to the regulations of the people's Bank of china. It is forbidden to use such loans for granting fixed assets loans or making investment.

  Funds lent under such loans shall be limited to idle funds that remain after a sufficient reserve against deposit has been retained, sufficient provision for payment has been made and matured loans from the people's bank of china have been repaid. Funds borrowed under such loans shall be used to make up deficiencies in the settlement of negotiable instruments and in the funds available for covering remittance differences with correspondent banks and to meet the temporary need for working capital.

  Article 47 commercial banks may not raise or lower interest rates in violation of regulations or use other improper96 means to take in deposits or grant loans.

  Article 48 Enterprises and institutions may select for themselves the place of business of a commercial bank where to open a basic account for the day-day settlement of account transfers and for cash receipts and payments. They may not open more than one basic account.

  No unit or individual may open an account in the name of an individual to deposit the funds of a unit therein.

  Article 49 the business hours of commercial banks shall be such as to be convenient to clients and shall be announced. Commercial banks shall carry out business during announced business hours; they may not suspend business or shorten their business hours without authorization.

  Article 50 in carrying out business operations and providing services, commercial banks shall charge commissions in accordance with relevant regulations. The items and rates for such commissions shall be specified by the banking regulatory authority under the state council and the people's bank of china based on their division of responsibilities, in conjunction with the department of pricing under the state council respectively.

  Article 51 commercial banks shall preserve their financial and accounting statements, business contracts and other materials in accordance with relevant regulations of the state.

  Article 52 Employees of commercial banks shall abide by laws and administrative rules and regulations for the control of business operations they may not:

  (1)use their positions to demand, receive or accept bribes, or receive or accept rebates or commissions of any description in violation of state regulations;

  (2)use their positions to embezzle45, misappropriate or seize money belonging to the bank or any client;

  (3)practise favoritism towards relatives or friends in granting loans or providing guaranty in violation of regulations;

  (4)hold concurrent97 position in another economic organization; or

  (5)commit other acts in violation of laws administrative rules and regulations or other regulations for the control of business operations.

  Article 53 No employees of commercial banks may disclose state or business secrets that they come to know during their employment.

  Chapter V

  Financial affairs and accounting

  Article 54 commercial banks shall establish and perfect their own financial and accounting systems in accordance with laws, the uniform accounting system of the state and relevant regulations of the banking regulatory authority under the state council.

  Article 55 commercial banks shall, in accordance with relevant state regulations, truthfully record and give a complete account of their business activities and financial position, draw up annual financial and accounting reports and, without delay, submit them to the banking regulatory authority under the state council, the people's bank of china and the department of finance under the state council, commercial banks may not establish any account books in addition to statutory account books.

  Article 56 within three months after the end of every fiscal98 year, commercial banks shall announce their business results and audit99 reports for that year in accordance with the regulations of the banking regulatory authority under the state council.

  Article 57 commercial banks shall, in accordance with relevant state regulations make allocations to a doubtful account reserve, in order to set off doubtful accounts.

  Article 58 the fiscal year of commercial banks shall commence on January and on December 31the Gregorian calendar.

  Chapter VI

  Supervision and control

  Article 59 Commercial bands shall, in accordance with relevant regulations, formulate their own operating rules, and establish and perfect their systems for risk management and internal control.

  Article 60 commercial banks shall establish and perfect their own systems for examination and inspection of deposits, loans, settlements, doubtful accounts, etc.

  Commercial banks shall conduct routine examination, inspection and supervision with respect to their branches.

  Article 61 commercial banks shall, in accordance with relevant regulations, submit to the banking regulatory authority under the state council and the people's bank of china their balance sheets, profit accounts and other financial, accounting and statistical statements and information.

  Article 62 the banking regulatory authority and information council shall have the right at any time to carry out inspection of and exercise supervision over, the deposits, loans, settlements, doubtful accounts, etc. of commercial banks, in accordance with the provisions of chapters III, IV and V this law. When carrying out inspection and supervisions, the inspectors100 and supervision shall produce their lawful identification papers. commercial banks shall provide financial and accounting information, business contracts and other information concerning operation and management in compliance101 with the requirements of the banking regulatory authority under the state council.

  The people's bank of china shall have the power to inspect and supervise the commercial banks in accordance with the provisions of articles 32 and 34 of the law of the people's Republic of china on people's bank of china.

  Article 63 commercial banks shall according to law, accept supervision by audit institutions through auditing102.

  Chapter VII

  Assumption of control and Termination

  Article 64 when a commercial bank has suffered or will possibly suffer, credit crisis, thereby103 seriously affecting the interests of the depositors, the banking regulatory authority under the state council may assume control over the bank.

  The purposes of assumption of control are, through taking such measures as are necessary in respect of the commercial bank over which control is assumed, to protect the interests of the depositors and to enable relationship bank to resume normal business. The debtor-creditor relationship with regard to a commercial bank over which control is assumed shall not change as a result of the assumption of control.

  Article 65 the assumption of control shall be decided upon, and its implementation shall be arranged, by the banking regulatory authority under the council. In the decisions made by the banking regulatory authority under the state council to assume control shall be clearly stated the following particulars:

  (1)the name of the commercial bank over which control is to be assumed;

  (2)the reason for the assumption of control;

  (3)the organization that shall assume control; and

  (4)the period or time for the control.

  The decision for the assumption of control shall be announced by the banking regulatory authority under the state council.

  Article 66 control shall be assumed on the date of implementation of the decision to assume control.

  Beginning on the date of assumption of control, the organization assuming control shall exercise the powers operation and management of the commercial bank.

  Article 67 the banking regulatory authority under the state council may decide to extend the period of time for control upon expiration of the time specified. However, the maximum period of time for control shall be two years.

  Article 68 the control shall be terminated under one of the following conditions:

  (1)when the period of time specified in the decision for control has expired or the extended period of time for control decided upon by the banking regulatory authority under the state council has expired;

  (2)the commercial bank has already become able to resume normal business before expiration of the period of control; or

  (3)the commercial bank is merged104 or is lawfully declared bankrupt before expiration of the period of control.

  Article 69 if a commercial bank has to be dissolved as a result of division, merger or the occurrence of a cause for dissolution as specified in the company's articles of association, it shall submit to the banking regulatory authority under the state council an application for dissolution, which is to be accompanied with a statement of the reasons for dissolution and a plan for settlement of debts such as repaying of the principal of the deposits together with the interest thereon. the commercial bank shall be dissolved upon approval by the banking regulatory authority under the state council.

  If a commercial bank is to be dissolved, a liquidation team shall be established pursuant to law. The team shall in accordance with the plan for settlement of debts, carry out liquidation and without delay pay debts such as the principal of the deposits and the interest thereon. The banking regulatory authority under the state council shall supervise the process of liquidation.

  Article 70 if a commercial bank is to be dissolved because its permit for operation is revoked, the banking regulatory authority under the state council shall without delay arrange to establish a liquidation team pursuant to law, which shall, in accordance with the plan for settlement of debts, carry out liquidation and without delay pay debts such as the principal of the deposits and the interest thereon.

  Article 71 if a commercial bank is unable to pay its debts as they fall due, a people's court shall, after obtaining consent of the banking regulatory authority under the state council, lawfully declare it bankrupt, if a commercial bank is declared bankrupt, the people's court shall arrange for relevant authorities, such as the banking regulatory authority under the state council, and relevant persons to establish a liquidation team, which shall carry out liquidation.

  When liquidation is carried out after a commercial bank is declared bankrupt, payment of the principal of savings deposits of individuals and the interest thereon shall be given priority after the liquidation expenses, the wages owed to the employees and labor105 insurance premiums106 have been paid.

  Article 72 commercial banks shall terminate if dissolved closed down or declared bankrupt.

  Chapter VIII

  Legal responsibility

  Article 73 commercial bank shall assume liability for payment of default interest and other civil liability if the property of depositors or other clients is damaged as a result of the commercial bank's:

  (1)delay in or refusal of payment of the principal of a deposit and the interest thereon without good reason;

  (2)violation of regulations concerning matters of settlement such as acceptance of negotiable instruments, etc. by refusing to encash the instruments, refusing to enter receipts and expenditures in its accounts, deliberately delaying or withholding107 payment under bills or negotiable instruments, or rejecting negotiable instruments in violation of regulations;

  (3)illegal inquiries into, freezing, withholding or transfer of the savings deposits of individuals or the deposits of units; or

  (4)other acts in violation of this law that cause damage to depositors or other clients.

  If a commercial bank commits one of the acts specified in the preceding paragraph, it shall be instructed by the banking regulatory authority under the state council to rectify and its unlawful gains shall be confiscated, if the unlawful gains exceed 50,000 yuan, it shall, in addition, be fined not less than the amount of such gains but not more than five times that amount; and if there are no unlawful gains or such gains are less than 50,000 yuan, it shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan.

  Article 74 if a commercial bank commits one of the following acts, it shall be instructed by the banking regulatory authority under the state council to rectify; if there are unlawful gains, such gains shall be confiscated, if the unlawful gains exceed 500,000 yuan, it shall, in addition, be fined not less than the amount of such gains but not more than five times that amount; if there are no unlawful gains such gains are less than 500,000 yuan, it shall be fined not less than 500,000 yuan but not more than 2,000,000 yuan; if the circumstances are particularly serious, or if the bank fails to rectify at the expiration of the time limit, the banking regulatory authority under the state council may instruct it to suspend business for rectification or may revoke its business license, and if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

  (1)establishing a branch without approval;

  (2)dividing or merging without approval or, in violation of relevant regulations, failing to report for approval changes to be made;

  (3)raising or lowering interest rates in violation of relevant regulations or taking in deposits or loans by other illegitimate means;

  (4)leasing out or lending its business license;

  (5)buying and selling, or acting as an agent for the purchase and sale of, foreign exchange without approval;

  (6)buying or selling government bonds or issuing, buying or selling financial bonds without approval;

  (7)in violation of relevant state regulations, engaging in trust investment and the business of securities, inverting108 in immovable property which in not for private use, or investing in non-banking financial institutions or enterprises; and

  (8)granting fiduciary loans to its connections or granting guaranteed loans to its connections on conditions that are more preferential than those for granting the same to other borrowers.

  Article 75 if a commercial bank commits one of the following acts, it shall instructed by the banking regulatory authority under the state council to rectify and, in addition, be fined not less than 200,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan; if the circumstances are particularly serious, or if the bank fails to rectify at the expiration of the time limit, the banking regulatory authority under the state council may instruct it to suspend business for rectification or revoke its business license, and if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

  (1)refusing to accept, or hindering, inspection and supervision by the banking regulatory authority under the state council;

  (2)providing financial and accounting reports, statements and statistical statements which ate false or in which important facts are concealed; or

  (3)failing to observe the regulations governing the capital adequacy ratio, the ratio of deposits to loans, the liquidity ratio, the ratio concerning loans granted to the same borrower, or other regulations of the banking regulatory authority under the state council relating to control of assets -liabilities ratio.

  Article 76 In a commercial bank commits one of the following acts, it shall be instructed by the people's bank of china to rectify; if there are unlawful gains, such gains shall be confiscated, if the unlawful gains exceed 500,000 yuan, it shall, in addition, be fined not less than the amount of such gains but not more than five times that amount; if there are no unlawful gains or such gains are than 500,000 yuan, it shall be fined not less than 500,000 yuan but not more than 2,000,000 yuan; if the circumstances are particularly serious, or if the bank fails to rectify at the expiration of the time limit the people's bank of china may put forward a expiration of the banking regulatory under the state council instruct it to suspend business for rectification or revoke its business license; and if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

  (1)engaging in the settlement and sale of foreign exchange without approval;

  (2)without approval, issuing buying or selling financial binds at interbank bond marks, or borrowing loans abroad; or

  (3)in violation of relevant regulations engaging in inter-bank lending.

  Article 77 if a commercial bank commits one of the following Acts, it shall be instructed by the people's bank of china to rectify and, in addition, be fined not less than 200,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan; if the circumstances are particularly serious, or if the bank fails to rectify at the expiration of the time limit, the people's bank of china may put forward a proposal that the banking regulatory authority under the state council instruct it to suspend business for rectification or revoke its business license, and if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

  (1)refusing to accept, or hindering, inspection and supervision by the people's bank of china;

  (2)providing financial and accounting reports, statements and statistical statements which are false or in which important facts are concealed; or

  (3)failing to place a deposit reserve in the proportion specified by the people's bank of china.

  Article 78 if a commercial bank commits one of the acts specified from article 73 through Article 77 of this law, the directors and senior administrators who are directly in charge and the other persons who are directly responsible shall be given disciplinary sanctions; and if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

  Article 79 Any unit or individual that commits one of the following acts shall be instructed by the banking regulatory authority under the state council to rectify, if there are unlawful gains, such gains shall be confiscated, if the unlawful gains exceed 50,000 yuan, it shall, in addition, be fined not less than the amount of such gains but not more than five times that amount, and if there are no unlawful gains or such gains are less than 50,000 yuan, it shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan:

  (1)using the word “bank” in its name without approval;

  (2)purchasing 5 percent or more of the total amount of the shares of a commercial bank without approval; or

  (3)opening an account in the name of an individual to deposit the funds of the unit.

  Article 80 if a commercial bank fails to submit the relevant documents and information to the banking regulatory authority under the state council in accordance with relevant regulations, it shall be instructed by the said authority to rectify; and if it fails to rectify at the expiration of the time limit, it shall be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 300,000 yuan.

  If commercial bank fails to submit the relevant documents and information to the people's bank of china in accordance with relevant regulations, it shall instructed by the people's bank of china to rectify; and if it fails to rectify at the expiration of the time limit, it shall be fined not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 300,000 yuan.

  Article 81 Any unit or individual, without approval of the banking regulatory authority under the state council, establishes a commercial bank, or illegally takes in deposits from the general public or does so in disguised form, which is serious enough to constitute a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law, and such a commercial bank shall be closed down by the banking regulatory authority under the state council.

  Any unit or individual that fabricates, counterfeits or transfers the business license of commercial bank which is serious enough to constitute a crime, criminal responsibility shall be in investigated according to law.

  Article 82 if a borrower uses fraudulent means to obtain a loan and a crime is constituted thereby, criminal responsibility shall be pursued according to law.

  Article 83 any unit or individual commits one of the acts specified in article 81 and 82 of this law, which not serious enough to constitute a crime its /his unlawful gains shall be confiscated by the banking regulatory authority under the state council; if the unlawful gains exceed 500,000 yuan, it /he shall, in addition, be fined not less than the amount of such gains but not more than five time that amount and, if there are no unlawful gains or such gains are less than 500,000 yuan, it /he shall be fined not less than 500,000 yuan but not more than 2,000,000 yuan.

  Article if an employee of a commercial bank, taking advantage of his duties, demands, receives or accepts bribes or, in violation of state regulations, receives or accepts rebates or commissions of any description, which is serious enough to constitute criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law, and if is not serious enough to constitute a crime, a disciplinary sanction shall be imposed on him.

  If anyone commits an act specified in the preceding paragraph and causes in granting a loan providing a guaranty, the person shall be fully24 or partially109 liable for compensation.

  Article 85 if an employee of a commercial bank, taking advantage of his duties, embezzles, misappropriates or takes into his possession money belonging to the bank or any client, which is serious enough to constitute a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law, and if it is not serious enough to constitute a crime, a disciplinary sanction shall be imposed on him.

  Article 86 if employees of a commercial bank cause losses by neglecting their duties in violation of the provisions of this law, disciplinary measures shall be taken against them. If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be pursued according to law.

  If anyone causes losses by practicing favoritism towards his relatives or friends in granting loans or providing guaranty in violation of regulations, the person shall be fully or partially liable for compensation.

  Article 87 if employees of a commercial bank disclose state or business secrets that they come to know during their employment, disciplinary measures shall be taken against them. If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be pursued according to law.

  Article 88 if any unit or individual forcibly demands a commercial bank to grant a loan or to provide a guaranty, disciplinary measures shall be taken against the leading members of the unit who are directly in charge and other persons of the unit who are directly responsible for the offense110 or the individual and, if losses are caused thereby, these persons shall be fully or partially liable for compensation.

  If employees of a commercial bank fail to refuse to grant a loan or to provide a guaranty forcibly demanded by a unit or individual, disciplinary measures shall be taken against them and, if losses are caused thereby, they shall assume appropriate liability for compensation.

  Article 89 if commercial banks violate the provisions of this law, the banking regulatory authority under the state council may, on the merits of each case, disqualify, for the positions for a certain period of time or even for the rest of their lives, the directors or senior administrators who are directly in charge, or prohibit the directors or senior administrators who are directly in charge and the other persons who are directly responsible from working in the banking industry for a certain period of time or even for the rest of their lives.

  If the act committed by a commercial bank is not serious enough to constitute a crime, disciplinary warning shall be given to the director or senior administrator directly in charge or the other person directly responsible, and a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan shall be imposed.

  Article 90 if a commercial bank or its employees disagree with a decision on a punishment made by the banking regulatory authority under the state council, or the people's bank of china, they may institute proceedings with a people's court in accordance with the provisions of the administrative procedure law of the people's republic of china.

  Chapter IX

  Supplementary provisions

  Article 91 commercial banks established prior to the implementation of this law, with approval granted in accordance with the regulations of the state council, shall not be required to undergo examination and approval procedures again.

  Article 92 the provisions of this law shall be applicable to foreign-invested commercial banks, commercial banks of Chinese-foreign equity joint venture and branches of foreign commercial banks; and where other laws and administrative regulations provide otherwise, the provisions of those laws and administrative regulations shall prevail.

  Article 93 In handling their business such as deposits, loans and settlements, urban credit cooperatives and rural credit cooperatives shall apply the relevant provisions of this law.

  Article 94 the relevant provisions of this law shall be applicable to postal enterprises in handling relevant business of commercial banks.

  Article 95 this law shall be implemented as of July 1,1995.



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
2 amend exezY     
vt.修改,修订,改进;n.[pl.]赔罪,赔偿
参考例句:
  • The teacher advised him to amend his way of living.老师劝他改变生活方式。
  • You must amend your pronunciation.你必须改正你的发音。
3 amending 3b6cbbbfac3f73caf84c14007b7a5bdc     
改良,修改,修订( amend的现在分词 ); 改良,修改,修订( amend的第三人称单数 )( amends的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Amending acts in 1933,1934, and 1935 attempted to help honest debtors rehabilitate themselves. 一九三三年,一九三四年和一九三五年通过的修正案是为了帮助诚实的债务人恢复自己的地位。
  • Two ways were used about the error-amending of contour curve. 采用两种方法对凸轮轮廓曲线进行了修正。
4 promulgated a4e9ce715ee72e022795b8072a6e618f     
v.宣扬(某事物)( promulgate的过去式和过去分词 );传播;公布;颁布(法令、新法律等)
参考例句:
  • Hence China has promulgated more than 30 relevant laws, statutes and regulations. 中国为此颁布的法律、法规和规章多达30余项。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
  • The shipping industry promulgated a voluntary code. 航运业对自律守则进行了宣传。 来自辞典例句
5 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
6 rend 3Blzj     
vt.把…撕开,割裂;把…揪下来,强行夺取
参考例句:
  • Her scrams would rend the heart of any man.她的喊叫声会撕碎任何人的心。
  • Will they rend the child from his mother?他们会不会把这个孩子从他的母亲身边夺走呢?
7 liquidity VRXzb     
n.流动性,偿债能力,流动资产
参考例句:
  • The bank has progressively increased its liquidity.银行逐渐地增加其流动资产。
  • The demand for and the supply of credit is closely linked to changes in liquidity.信用的供求和流动资金的变化有密切关系。
8 supervision hr6wv     
n.监督,管理
参考例句:
  • The work was done under my supervision.这项工作是在我的监督之下完成的。
  • The old man's will was executed under the personal supervision of the lawyer.老人的遗嘱是在律师的亲自监督下执行的。
9 banking aySz20     
n.银行业,银行学,金融业
参考例句:
  • John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
  • He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。
10 administrator SJeyZ     
n.经营管理者,行政官员
参考例句:
  • The role of administrator absorbed much of Ben's energy.行政职务耗掉本很多精力。
  • He has proved himself capable as administrator.他表现出管理才能。
11 administrators d04952b3df94d47c04fc2dc28396a62d     
n.管理者( administrator的名词复数 );有管理(或行政)才能的人;(由遗嘱检验法庭指定的)遗产管理人;奉派暂管主教教区的牧师
参考例句:
  • He had administrators under him but took the crucial decisions himself. 他手下有管理人员,但重要的决策仍由他自己来做。 来自辞典例句
  • Administrators have their own methods of social intercourse. 办行政的人有他们的社交方式。 来自汉英文学 - 围城
12 expertise fmTx0     
n.专门知识(或技能等),专长
参考例句:
  • We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
  • You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。
13 prudence 9isyI     
n.谨慎,精明,节俭
参考例句:
  • A lack of prudence may lead to financial problems.不够谨慎可能会导致财政上出现问题。
  • The happy impute all their success to prudence or merit.幸运者都把他们的成功归因于谨慎或功德。
14 requited 7e241adc245cecc72f302a4bab687327     
v.报答( requite的过去式和过去分词 );酬谢;回报;报复
参考例句:
  • I requited him for his help with a present. 我送他一份礼以答谢他的帮助。 来自辞典例句
  • His kindness was requited with cold contempt. 他的好意被报以 [遭致] 冷淡的轻蔑。 来自辞典例句
15 prudent M0Yzg     
adj.谨慎的,有远见的,精打细算的
参考例句:
  • A prudent traveller never disparages his own country.聪明的旅行者从不贬低自己的国家。
  • You must school yourself to be modest and prudent.你要学会谦虚谨慎。
16 specified ZhezwZ     
adj.特定的
参考例句:
  • The architect specified oak for the wood trim. 那位建筑师指定用橡木做木饰条。
  • It is generated by some specified means. 这是由某些未加说明的方法产生的。
17 shareholders 7d3b0484233cf39bc3f4e3ebf97e69fe     
n.股东( shareholder的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders. 90%的股东出席了会议。
  • the company's fiduciary duty to its shareholders 公司对股东负有的受托责任
18 supervisors 80530f394132f10fbf245e5fb15e2667     
n.监督者,管理者( supervisor的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • I think the best technical people make the best supervisors. 我认为最好的技术人员可以成为最好的管理人员。 来自辞典例句
  • Even the foremen or first-level supervisors have a staffing responsibility. 甚至领班或第一线的监督人员也有任用的责任。 来自辞典例句
19 formulate L66yt     
v.用公式表示;规划;设计;系统地阐述
参考例句:
  • He took care to formulate his reply very clearly.他字斟句酌,清楚地做了回答。
  • I was impressed by the way he could formulate his ideas.他陈述观点的方式让我印象深刻。
20 formulated cfc86c2c7185ae3f93c4d8a44e3cea3c     
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 );规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
参考例句:
  • He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
21 maturity 47nzh     
n.成熟;完成;(支票、债券等)到期
参考例句:
  • These plants ought to reach maturity after five years.这些植物五年后就该长成了。
  • This is the period at which the body attains maturity.这是身体发育成熟的时期。
22 lawful ipKzCt     
adj.法律许可的,守法的,合法的
参考例句:
  • It is not lawful to park in front of a hydrant.在消火栓前停车是不合法的。
  • We don't recognised him to be the lawful heir.我们不承认他为合法继承人。
23 lawfully hpYzCv     
adv.守法地,合法地;合理地
参考例句:
  • Lawfully established contracts shall be protected by law. 依法成立的合同应受法律保护。 来自口语例句
  • As my lawfully wedded husband, in sickness and in health, till death parts us. 当成是我的合法丈夫,无论疾病灾难,直到死亡把我们分开。 来自电影对白
24 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
25 collateral wqhzH     
adj.平行的;旁系的;n.担保品
参考例句:
  • Many people use personal assets as collateral for small business loans.很多人把个人财产用作小额商业贷款的抵押品。
  • Most people here cannot borrow from banks because they lack collateral.由于拿不出东西作为抵押,这里大部分人无法从银行贷款。
26 adherence KyjzT     
n.信奉,依附,坚持,固着
参考例句:
  • He was well known for his adherence to the rules.他因遵循这些规定而出名。
  • The teacher demanded adherence to the rules.老师要求学生们遵守纪律。
27 fixed JsKzzj     
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
参考例句:
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
28 accounting nzSzsY     
n.会计,会计学,借贷对照表
参考例句:
  • A job fell vacant in the accounting department.财会部出现了一个空缺。
  • There's an accounting error in this entry.这笔账目里有差错。
29 statistical bu3wa     
adj.统计的,统计学的
参考例句:
  • He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table.他用统计表显示价格的波动。
  • They're making detailed statistical analysis.他们正在做具体的统计分析。
30 rectify 8AezO     
v.订正,矫正,改正
参考例句:
  • The matter will rectify itself in a few days.那件事过几天就会变好。
  • You can rectify this fault if you insert a slash.插人一条斜线便可以纠正此错误。
31 confiscated b8af45cb6ba964fa52504a6126c35855     
没收,充公( confiscate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Their land was confiscated after the war. 他们的土地在战后被没收。
  • The customs officer confiscated the smuggled goods. 海关官员没收了走私品。
32 expiration bmSxA     
n.终结,期满,呼气,呼出物
参考例句:
  • Can I have your credit card number followed by the expiration date?能告诉我你的信用卡号码和它的到期日吗?
  • This contract shall be terminated on the expiration date.劳动合同期满,即行终止。
33 rectification NUwx3     
n. 改正, 改订, 矫正
参考例句:
  • The process of producing a shift of the average value is called rectification. 产生平均值移动的过程叫做整流。
  • This effect, in analogy to its radiofrequency counterpart, is known as optical rectification. 同它的射频对应物相仿,这种现象称为光学整流。
34 revoke aWYxX     
v.废除,取消,撤回
参考例句:
  • The university may revoke my diploma.大学可能吊销我的毕业证书。
  • The government revoked her husband's license to operate migrant labor crews.政府撤销了她丈夫管理外来打工人群的许可证。
35 license B9TzU     
n.执照,许可证,特许;v.许可,特许
参考例句:
  • The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
  • The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。
36 merging 65cc30ed55db36c739ab349d7c58dfe8     
合并(分类)
参考例句:
  • Many companies continued to grow by merging with or buying competing firms. 许多公司通过合并或收买竞争对手的公司而不断扩大。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
  • To sequence by repeated splitting and merging. 用反复分开和合并的方法进行的排序。
37 violation lLBzJ     
n.违反(行为),违背(行为),侵犯
参考例句:
  • He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说,那是违反规则的。
  • He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
38 acting czRzoc     
n.演戏,行为,假装;adj.代理的,临时的,演出用的
参考例句:
  • Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她,她只是假装的。
  • During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代,她的表演生涯黯然失色。
39 fiduciary AkFxB     
adj.受托的,信托的
参考例句:
  • A company director owes a fiduciary duty to the company.公司董事应对公司负责受托人责任。
  • He was acting in a fiduciary capacity.他以受托人身份行为。
40 inspection y6TxG     
n.检查,审查,检阅
参考例句:
  • On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查,发现肉变质了。
  • The soldiers lined up for their daily inspection by their officers.士兵们列队接受军官的日常检阅。
41 concealed 0v3zxG     
a.隐藏的,隐蔽的
参考例句:
  • The paintings were concealed beneath a thick layer of plaster. 那些画被隐藏在厚厚的灰泥层下面。
  • I think he had a gun concealed about his person. 我认为他当时身上藏有一支枪。
42 counterfeits 617c71c9e347e377e2a63606fdefec84     
v.仿制,造假( counterfeit的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • Objects and people looked like counterfeits of themselves. 各种人和事好象都给自己披上了伪装。 来自辞典例句
  • We have seen many counterfeits, but we are born believers in great men. 我们见过许多骗子,但是我们天生信赖伟人。 来自辞典例句
43 bribes f3132f875c572eefabf4271b3ea7b2ca     
n.贿赂( bribe的名词复数 );向(某人)行贿,贿赂v.贿赂( bribe的第三人称单数 );向(某人)行贿,贿赂
参考例句:
  • It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
  • corrupt officials accepting bribes 接受贿赂的贪官污吏
44 rebates 5862cab7436152bb9726585397fb1db9     
n.退还款( rebate的名词复数 );回扣;返还(退还的部份货价);折扣
参考例句:
  • The VAT system offers advantages, such as rebates on exports. 增值税有其优点,如对出口商品实行回扣。 来自辞典例句
  • In more recent years rate rebates have been introduced for households. 近年地方税的减免已适用于家庭。 来自辞典例句
45 embezzle 689yI     
vt.贪污,盗用;挪用(公款;公物等)
参考例句:
  • I suppose they embezzle a lot.我想他们贪污了不少。
  • The cashier embezzled $50,000 from the bank and ran away.银行的出纳盗用了五万美元,并且逃跑了。
46 embezzles fb0c4a582a4a7516a3ccb3a267f33b74     
v.贪污,盗用(公款)( embezzle的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
47 proceedings Wk2zvX     
n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报
参考例句:
  • He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
  • to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼
48 administrative fzDzkc     
adj.行政的,管理的
参考例句:
  • The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
  • He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。
49 equity ji8zp     
n.公正,公平,(无固定利息的)股票
参考例句:
  • They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
  • To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值,墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。
50 joint m3lx4     
adj.联合的,共同的;n.关节,接合处;v.连接,贴合
参考例句:
  • I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤,肩膀脫臼了。
  • We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。
51 postal EP0xt     
adj.邮政的,邮局的
参考例句:
  • A postal network now covers the whole country.邮路遍及全国。
  • Remember to use postal code.勿忘使用邮政编码。
52 implement WcdzG     
n.(pl.)工具,器具;vt.实行,实施,执行
参考例句:
  • Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划,除非你能完成这项计划。
  • The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。
53 implemented a0211e5272f6fc75ac06e2d62558aff0     
v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 );执行;贯彻;使生效
参考例句:
  • This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革,经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句
54 Amended b2abcd9d0c12afefe22fd275996593e0     
adj. 修正的 动词amend的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • He asked to see the amended version. 他要求看修订本。
  • He amended his speech by making some additions and deletions. 他对讲稿作了些增删修改。
55 supplementary 0r6ws     
adj.补充的,附加的
参考例句:
  • There is a supplementary water supply in case the rain supply fails.万一主水源断了,我们另外有供水的地方。
  • A supplementary volume has been published containing the index.附有索引的增补卷已经出版。
56 enacted b0a10ad8fca50ba4217bccb35bc0f2a1     
制定(法律),通过(法案)( enact的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • legislation enacted by parliament 由议会通过的法律
  • Outside in the little lobby another scene was begin enacted. 外面的小休息室里又是另一番景象。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
57 standardize UuMwl     
v.使符合标准,使标准化
参考例句:
  • We will extend and standardize legal services and provide effective legal aid.拓展和规范法律服务,积极开展法律援助。
  • There is a drive both to standardise components and to reduce the number of models on offer.正在为实现零部件标准化和减少推出的型号数量而努力。
58 socialist jwcws     
n.社会主义者;adj.社会主义的
参考例句:
  • China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家,也是一个发展中国家。
  • His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。
59 conformity Hpuz9     
n.一致,遵从,顺从
参考例句:
  • Was his action in conformity with the law?他的行动是否合法?
  • The plan was made in conformity with his views.计划仍按他的意见制定。
60 binds c1d4f6440575ef07da0adc7e8adbb66c     
v.约束( bind的第三人称单数 );装订;捆绑;(用长布条)缠绕
参考例句:
  • Frost binds the soil. 霜使土壤凝结。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Stones and cement binds strongly. 石头和水泥凝固得很牢。 来自《简明英汉词典》
61 infringement nbvz3     
n.违反;侵权
参考例句:
  • Infringement of this regulation would automatically rule you out of the championship.违背这一规则会被自动取消参加锦标赛的资格。
  • The committee ruled that the US ban constituted an infringement of free trade.委员会裁定美国的禁令对自由贸易构成了侵犯
62 strictly GtNwe     
adv.严厉地,严格地;严密地
参考例句:
  • His doctor is dieting him strictly.他的医生严格规定他的饮食。
  • The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.客人严格按照地位高低就座。
63 abide UfVyk     
vi.遵守;坚持;vt.忍受
参考例句:
  • You must abide by the results of your mistakes.你必须承担你的错误所造成的后果。
  • If you join the club,you have to abide by its rules.如果你参加俱乐部,你就得遵守它的规章。
64 applicant 1MlyX     
n.申请人,求职者,请求者
参考例句:
  • He was the hundredth applicant for the job. 他是第100个申请这项工作的人。
  • In my estimation, the applicant is well qualified for this job. 据我看, 这位应征者完全具备这项工作的条件。
65 implementation 2awxV     
n.实施,贯彻
参考例句:
  • Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。
66 entirely entirely     
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
  • His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
67 allocate ILnys     
vt.分配,分派;把…拨给;把…划归
参考例句:
  • You must allocate the money carefully.你们必须谨慎地分配钱。
  • They will allocate fund for housing.他们将拨出经费建房。
68 allocated 01868918c8cec5bc8773e98ae11a0f54     
adj. 分配的 动词allocate的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • The Ford Foundation allocated millions of dollars for cancer research. 福特基金会拨款数百万美元用于癌症研究。
  • More funds will now be allocated to charitable organizations. 现在会拨更多的资金给慈善组织。
69 authorized jyLzgx     
a.委任的,许可的
参考例句:
  • An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。
70 sate 2CszL     
v.使充分满足
参考例句:
  • Nothing could sate the careerist's greed for power.什么也满足不了这个野心家的权力欲。
  • I am sate with opera after listening to it for a whole weekend.听了整整一个周末的歌剧,我觉得腻了。
71 authorization wOxyV     
n.授权,委任状
参考例句:
  • Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。
  • You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。
72 merger vCJxG     
n.企业合并,并吞
参考例句:
  • Acceptance of the offer is the first step to a merger.对这项提议的赞同是合并的第一步。
  • Shareholders will be voting on the merger of the companies.股东们将投票表决公司合并问题。
73 alteration rxPzO     
n.变更,改变;蚀变
参考例句:
  • The shirt needs alteration.这件衬衣需要改一改。
  • He easily perceived there was an alteration in my countenance.他立刻看出我的脸色和往常有些不同。
74 embezzlement RqoxY     
n.盗用,贪污
参考例句:
  • He was accused of graft and embezzlement and was chained and thrown into prison.他因被指控贪污盗窃而锒铛入狱。
  • The judge sent him to prison for embezzlement of funds.法官因他盗用公款将其送入监牢。
75 bribery Lxdz7Z     
n.贿络行为,行贿,受贿
参考例句:
  • FBI found out that the senator committed bribery.美国联邦调查局查明这个参议员有受贿行为。
  • He was charged with bribery.他被指控受贿。
76 seizure FsSyO     
n.没收;占有;抵押
参考例句:
  • The seizure of contraband is made by customs.那些走私品是被海关没收的。
  • The courts ordered the seizure of all her property.法院下令查封她所有的财产。
77 bankruptcy fPoyJ     
n.破产;无偿付能力
参考例句:
  • You will have to pull in if you want to escape bankruptcy.如果你想避免破产,就必须节省开支。
  • His firm is just on thin ice of bankruptcy.他的商号正面临破产的危险。
78 liquidation E0bxf     
n.清算,停止营业
参考例句:
  • The bankrupt company went into liquidation.这家破产公司停业清盘。
  • He lost all he possessed when his company was put into liquidation.当公司被清算结业时他失去了拥有的一切。
79 licenses 9d2fccd1fa9364fe38442db17bb0cb15     
n.执照( license的名词复数 )v.批准,许可,颁发执照( license的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • Drivers have ten days' grace to renew their licenses. 驾驶员更换执照有10天的宽限期。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Jewish firms couldn't get import or export licenses or raw materials. 犹太人的企业得不到进出口许可证或原料。 来自辞典例句
80 revoked 80b785d265b6419ab99251d8f4340a1d     
adj.[法]取消的v.撤销,取消,废除( revoke的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • It may be revoked if the check is later dishonoured. 以后如支票被拒绝支付,结算可以撤销。 来自辞典例句
  • A will is revoked expressly. 遗嘱可以通过明示推翻。 来自辞典例句
81 overdue MJYxY     
adj.过期的,到期未付的;早该有的,迟到的
参考例句:
  • The plane is overdue and has been delayed by the bad weather.飞机晚点了,被坏天气耽搁了。
  • The landlady is angry because the rent is overdue.女房东生气了,因为房租过期未付。
82 savings ZjbzGu     
n.存款,储蓄
参考例句:
  • I can't afford the vacation,for it would eat up my savings.我度不起假,那样会把我的积蓄用光的。
  • By this time he had used up all his savings.到这时,他的存款已全部用完。
83 withdrawal Cfhwq     
n.取回,提款;撤退,撤军;收回,撤销
参考例句:
  • The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
  • They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。
84 confidentiality 7Y2yc     
n.秘而不宣,保密
参考例句:
  • They signed a confidentiality agreement. 他们签署了一份保守机密的协议。
  • Cryptography is the foundation of supporting authentication, integrality and confidentiality. 而密码学是支持认证、完整性和机密性机制的基础。
85 inquiries 86a54c7f2b27c02acf9fcb16a31c4b57     
n.调查( inquiry的名词复数 );疑问;探究;打听
参考例句:
  • He was released on bail pending further inquiries. 他获得保释,等候进一步调查。
  • I have failed to reach them by postal inquiries. 我未能通过邮政查询与他们取得联系。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
86 deduct pxfx7     
vt.扣除,减去
参考例句:
  • You can deduct the twenty - five cents out of my allowance.你可在我的零用钱里扣去二角五分钱。
  • On condition of your signing this contract,I will deduct a percentage.如果你在这份合同上签字,我就会给你减免一个百分比。
87 repayment repayment     
n.偿还,偿还款;报酬
参考例句:
  • I am entitled to a repayment for the damaged goods.我有权利索取货物损坏赔偿金。
  • The tax authorities have been harrying her for repayment.税务局一直在催她补交税款。
88 appraisal hvFzt     
n.对…作出的评价;评价,鉴定,评估
参考例句:
  • What's your appraisal of the situation?你对局势是如何评估的?
  • We need to make a proper appraisal of his work.对于他的工作我们需要做出适当的评价。
89 stipulate shhyP     
vt.规定,(作为条件)讲定,保证
参考例句:
  • International rules stipulate the number of foreign entrants.国际规则规定了外国参赛者的人数。
  • Some manufacturers stipulate the price at which their goods are to be sold.有些制造商规定出售他们生产的商品的价格。
90 breach 2sgzw     
n.违反,不履行;破裂;vt.冲破,攻破
参考例句:
  • We won't have any breach of discipline.我们不允许任何破坏纪律的现象。
  • He was sued for breach of contract.他因不履行合同而被起诉。
91 remittance zVzx1     
n.汇款,寄款,汇兑
参考例句:
  • Your last month's salary will be paid by remittance.最后一个月的薪水将通过汇寄的方式付给你。
  • A prompt remittance would be appreciated.速寄汇款不胜感激。
92 entrusted be9f0db83b06252a0a462773113f94fa     
v.委托,托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • He entrusted the task to his nephew. 他把这任务托付给了他的侄儿。
  • She was entrusted with the direction of the project. 她受委托负责这项计划。 来自《简明英汉词典》
93 expenditures 2af585403f5a51eeaa8f7b29110cc2ab     
n.花费( expenditure的名词复数 );使用;(尤指金钱的)支出额;(精力、时间、材料等的)耗费
参考例句:
  • We have overspent.We'll have to let up our expenditures next month. 我们已经超支了,下个月一定得节约开支。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The pension includes an allowance of fifty pounds for traffic expenditures. 年金中包括50镑交通费补贴。 来自《简明英汉词典》
94 deliberately Gulzvq     
adv.审慎地;蓄意地;故意地
参考例句:
  • The girl gave the show away deliberately.女孩故意泄露秘密。
  • They deliberately shifted off the argument.他们故意回避这个论点。
95 withhold KMEz1     
v.拒绝,不给;使停止,阻挡
参考例句:
  • It was unscrupulous of their lawyer to withhold evidence.他们的律师隐瞒证据是不道德的。
  • I couldn't withhold giving some loose to my indignation.我忍不住要发泄一点我的愤怒。
96 improper b9txi     
adj.不适当的,不合适的,不正确的,不合礼仪的
参考例句:
  • Short trousers are improper at a dance.舞会上穿短裤不成体统。
  • Laughing and joking are improper at a funeral.葬礼时大笑和开玩笑是不合适的。
97 concurrent YncyG     
adj.同时发生的,一致的
参考例句:
  • You can't attend two concurrent events!你不能同时参加两项活动!
  • The twins had concurrent birthday. 双胞胎生日在同一天。
98 fiscal agbzf     
adj.财政的,会计的,国库的,国库岁入的
参考例句:
  • The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
  • The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。
99 audit wuGzw     
v.审计;查帐;核对;旁听
参考例句:
  • Each year they audit our accounts and certify them as being true and fair.他们每年对我们进行账务审核,以确保其真实无误。
  • As usual,the yearly audit will take place in December.跟往常一样,年度审计将在十二月份进行。
100 inspectors e7f2779d4a90787cc7432cd5c8b51897     
n.检查员( inspector的名词复数 );(英国公共汽车或火车上的)查票员;(警察)巡官;检阅官
参考例句:
  • They got into the school in the guise of inspectors. 他们假装成视察员进了学校。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Inspectors checked that there was adequate ventilation. 检查员已检查过,通风良好。 来自《简明英汉词典》
101 compliance ZXyzX     
n.顺从;服从;附和;屈从
参考例句:
  • I was surprised by his compliance with these terms.我对他竟然依从了这些条件而感到吃惊。
  • She gave up the idea in compliance with his desire.她顺从他的愿望而放弃自己的主意。
102 auditing JyVzib     
n.审计,查账,决算
参考例句:
  • Auditing standards are the rules governing how an audit is performed.收支检查标准是规则统治一个稽核如何被运行。
  • The auditing services market is dominated by a few large accounting firms.审计服务市场被几家大型会计公司独占了。
103 thereby Sokwv     
adv.因此,从而
参考例句:
  • I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市,因此对它不怎么熟悉。
  • He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民,因而得到了投票权。
104 merged d33b2d33223e1272c8bbe02180876e6f     
(使)混合( merge的过去式和过去分词 ); 相融; 融入; 渐渐消失在某物中
参考例句:
  • Turf wars are inevitable when two departments are merged. 两个部门合并时总免不了争争权限。
  • The small shops were merged into a large market. 那些小商店合并成为一个大商场。
105 labor P9Tzs     
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
参考例句:
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
106 premiums efa999cd01994787d84b066d2957eaa7     
n.费用( premium的名词复数 );保险费;额外费用;(商品定价、贷款利息等以外的)加价
参考例句:
  • He paid premiums on his life insurance last year. 他去年付了人寿保险费。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • Moves are afoot to increase car insurance premiums. 现正在酝酿提高汽车的保险费。 来自《简明英汉词典》
107 withholding 7eXzD6     
扣缴税款
参考例句:
  • She was accused of withholding information from the police. 她被指控对警方知情不报。
  • The judge suspected the witness was withholding information. 法官怀疑见证人在隐瞒情况。
108 inverting 665238808c06737d76fe243704855a65     
v.使倒置,使反转( invert的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • She caught the insect by inverting her cup over it. 她用杯子扣住了那只昆虫。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He started out inverting 2,000,000, but eventually invested only 200,000. 他们开始打算投资200万,可是后来只有20万。 来自互联网
109 partially yL7xm     
adv.部分地,从某些方面讲
参考例句:
  • The door was partially concealed by the drapes.门有一部分被门帘遮住了。
  • The police managed to restore calm and the curfew was partially lifted.警方设法恢复了平静,宵禁部分解除。
110 offense HIvxd     
n.犯规,违法行为;冒犯,得罪
参考例句:
  • I hope you will not take any offense at my words. 对我讲的话请别见怪。
  • His words gave great offense to everybody present.他的发言冲犯了在场的所有人。
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