Chapter Ⅵ

　　Securities Companies

　　Article 117 The establishment of a securities company shall be subject to examination and approval by the securities regulatory authority under the State Council. No one may engage in securities business without approval of said authority.

　　Article 118 For purposes of this Law， “ a securities company” means a limited liability company or a joint¹ stock limited company which， pursuant to the provisions of the Company Law and the preceding article， is established with approval to engage in securities business.

　　Article 119 The State administers securities companies by dividing them into categories- comprehensive securities companies and brokerage securities companies. The securities regulatory authority under the State Council shall， on the basis of the these categories， issue business license³ to them.

　　Article 120 A securities company shall include the words “ limited liability securities company” or “joint stock limited securities company” in its name.

　　A brokerage securities company shall include the word “brokerage” in its name.

　　Article 121 The following conditions shall be satisfied for the establishment of a comprehensive securities company：

　　（1）to have a minimum registered capital of 500 million Yuan；

　　（2）to have chief administrators⁴ and business persons who are qualified⁵ to engage in securities business；

　　（3）to have a fixed⁶ place of business and up-to-standard trading facilities； and

　　（4）to have a sound management system and a standardized⁷ system for the separate administration of business on its own account and brokerage business.

　　Article 122 The minimum registered capital of a brokerage securities company is 50 million Yuan， the chief administrators and business persons of such a company shall be qualified to engage in securities business， and it shall have a fixed place of business， up-to-standard trading facilities and a sound management system.

　　Article 123 The establishment or closure f branches of a securities company， change in its scope of business， registered capital or articles of association， and merger⁸， division， change in its corporate⁹ form， and its dissolution shall be subject to approval by the securities regulatory authority under the State Council.

　　Article 124 The total amount of external liabilities of a securities company may not exceed the prescribed multiple of its net asset， and the total amount of its current liabilities may not exceed a certain proportion of its total current assets. The specific multiple， proportion and administrative¹⁰ measures shall be prescribed by the securities regulatory authority under the State Council.

　　Article 125 None of the persons described in Article 57 of the Company Law or in the following may serve as director， supervisor¹¹ or manager of a securities company：

　　（1）responsible persons of stock exchanges or securities registration¹² and clearing institutions and directors， supervisors¹³ and managers of securities companies， who are removed from office due to a violation¹⁴ of law or the rules of discipline， where not more than five years have elapsed since the date of their removal； and

　　（2）lawyers， certified¹⁵ public accountants， and professionals of statutory asset appraisal¹⁶ organization s or verification organizations， who are disqualified as such due t a violation of law or the rules or discipline， where not more than five years have elapsed since the date of their disqualification.

　　Article 126 Employees of stock exchanges， securities registration and clearing institutions or securities companies and functionaries¹⁷ or State organs who are discharged for violating the law or rules of discipline may not be engaged by securities company.

　　Article 127 No functionaries of State organs， or other persons prohibited by laws or administrative regulations from concurrently¹⁸ holding positions in companies， may concurrently hold positions in securities companies.

　　No director， supervisor， manager or business person of a securities company may concurrently hold a post in another securities company.

　　Article 128 A securities company shall derive¹⁹ for a trading risk reserve from its annual after-tax profits to make up losses from securities trading. The specific percentage for such derivation shall be prescribed by the securities regulatory under the State Council.

　　Article 129 Comprehensive securities companies may engage in the following securities business：

　　（1）brokerage business：

　　（2）securities business on its own account；

　　（3）securities underwriting business； and

　　（4）other business verified by the securities regulatory authority under the State Council.

　　Article 130 Brokerage securities companies are permitted only to engage in securities brokerage business.

　　Article 131 A securities company shall， on the basis of the lines of business specified²⁰ in the preceding two articles， submit an application for its scope of business to the securities regulatory authority under the State Council for verification.

　　No securities company may engage in securities business or other business beyond the scope of business verified.

　　Article 132 Comprehensive securities companies shall conduct their brokerage business separately from business operated on their own account， The business persons and financial accounts for one type of business shall be kept separate from those for the other type. The same business persons may not operate both types of business and the same business persons may not operate both types of business and the same accountants may not keep the financial accounts for business and the same accountant may not keep the financial accounts for both types of business.

　　Transaction clearing funds of a client shall be deposited in full with a designated commercial bans and a separate account shall be opened and managed as such. Misappropriation of a client's transaction clearing funds is strictly²¹ prohibited.

　　Article 133 The flow of bank funds into the stock market against regulations is prohibited.

　　When carrying out business on its own account， a securities company shall use its self-owned funds and funds raised according to law.

　　Article 134 Business on the account of a securities company itself shall be conducted in its own name， and may not be conducted in the name of another or in the name of an individual.

　　No securities company may lend its own business account to another for use.

　　Article 135 Securities companies shall have the lawful²² right to operate independently， and their lawful operations shall be subjected to no interference.

　　Article 136 Where the registered capital of a securities company falls below the amount required to engage in the relevant business as prescribed in this Law， the securities regulatory authority under the State Council shall revoke²³ its verification of the relevant scope of business.

　　Article 137 A securities company that， in securities trading， buys or sells securities on behalf of its clients or operates as an intermediary is a securities broker² with the status of a legal person.

　　Article 138 When handling brokerage business， a securities company shall separately open a securities account and a funds account for a client， and shall manage the securities and funds delivered by the client under separate accounts and truthfully record transactions. It may not make sham²⁶ entries.

　　To open an account， the client shall present lawful papers to show that hw is a Chinese citizen or a Chinese legal person.

　　Article 139 To handle brokerage business， a securities company shall provide uniform letters of instruction for the trading of securities for use by instructing parties. If instructions are given in other ways， a record shall be kept thereof.

　　Whether or not any transactions are concluded， the records of clients' instructions for trading or securities shall be kept at the securities company for the prescribed period of time.

　　Article 140 Upon accepting an instruction to purchase of sell securities， a securities company shall purchase or sell securities as an agent in accordance with the trading rules and on the basis of the description of the securities， the purchase or sale quantity， the method of bidding， the price range， etc. set forth²⁷ in the instruction form. After a transaction is concluded， it shall， according to regulations， prepare a transaction report and deliver it to the client.

　　Reconciliation²⁸ statements confirming trading acts and their acts and their transaction results in securities trading shall be truthful²⁴. Such statements shall be audited³⁰ on a transaction-by transaction basis by an auditor³¹ other than the person handling the transactions， who shall see that the securities book balance is the same as the number of securities actually held.

　　Article 141 Securities sold by a securities company upon acceptance of an instruction shall be securities actually held in the client's securities account. A securities company may not finance its clients' transactions by providing securities.

　　Securities purchased by a securities company upon acceptance of an instruction shall be paid with funds actually deposited in the client's funds account. A securities company may not finance its clients' transactions by providing funds.

　　Article 142 When handling brokerage business， a securities company may not accept a client's unlimited³² authorization³³ to decide on the purchase or sale of securities， choose the types of securities or decide on the quantities to be purchased or sold or the purchase or sales price.

　　Article 143 A securities company may not give any form of commitment with respect to its clients' profits from the purchase or sell of securities or compensation for losses from the purchase or sale of securities.

　　Article 144 A securities company and its employees may not， in private and not through the company's place of business established according to law， accept instructions from a client to purchase or sell securities.

　　Article 145 If， in the course of securities trading， and employee of a securities company violates trading rules under the instructions of the company or by taking advantage of his position， the securities company to which hw belongs shall bear full liability therefor.

　　Chapter Ⅶ

　　Securities Registration and Clearing Institutions

　　Article 146 A securities registration and clearing institution is a non-profit legal person that provides centralized registration， custody³⁴ and clearing services for securities trading.

　　The establishment of a securities registration and clearing institution shall be subject ot approval by the securities regulatory authority under the State Council.

　　Article 147 To be established， a securities registration and clearing institution shall meet the following conditions：

　　（1）it has-owned funds of not less than 200 million Yuan；

　　（2）it has the place and facilities necessary for providing securities registration， custody and clearing services；

　　（3）its chief administrators and business persons are qualified to engage in securities business； and

　　（4）other conditions prescribed by the securities regulatory authority under the State Council.

　　The name of a securities registration and clearing institution shall include the words “securities registration and clearing.”

　　Article 148 A securities registration and clearing institution shall perform the following functions：

　　（1）establishment of securities accounts clearing accounts；

　　（2）custody and transfer of ownership of securities；

　　（3）registration of the names of the holder³⁵ of securities；

　　（4）clearing and delivery of listed securities traded on the stock exchange；

　　（5）allotment of securities rights and interests upon entrustment³⁶ by the issuer；

　　（6）handling of inquiries³⁷ concerning the above-mentioned business； and

　　（7）other business approved by the securities regulatory authority under the State Council.

　　Article 149 A centralized and unified³⁸ method of operation shall be used for registration and clearing of securities nationwide.

　　The articles of association and business rules of a securities registration and clearing institution shall be formulated⁴⁰ according to law and be subject to approval by the securities regulatory authority under the State Council.

　　Article 150 Before trading listed securities， a holder shall place all such securities in the custody of a securities registration and clearing institution.

　　A securities registration and clearing institution may not use its clients' securities as collateral⁴¹ or lend them to others.

　　Article 151 A securities registration and clearing institution shall furnish the issuer of securities with the register of， and relevant information concerning， the holders⁴² of its securities.

　　On the basis of the results of securities registration and clearing， a securities registration and clearing institution shall confirm the fact that particular securities are held by particular holders and provide registered information on the holders of the securities.

　　A securities registration and clearing institution shall ensure the truthfulness⁴³， accuracy and completeness of the register of the holders of securities and the records of registration of change in ownership. It may not forge， alter or destroy such register or records.

　　Article 152 A securities registration and clearing institution shall adopt the following measures to ensure the normal operation of business：

　　（1）to have the necessary service equipment and sufficient measures for data security and protection；

　　（2）to have established sound management systems for business， financial affairs and security； and

　　（3）to have established complete risk control systems.

　　Article 153 A securities registration and clearing institution shall carefully preserve the original evidence relating to registration， custody and clearing. Important original evidence shall be kept for a period of not less than 20 years.

　　Article 154 A securities registration and clearing institution shall establish a clearing risk fund and deposit the money therein in a dedicated⁴⁴ account at a designated bank. The clearing risk fund shall be used for any losses suffered by the securities registration and clearing institution as a result of technical failures， operational errors or force majeure.

　　The securities clearing risk fund shall be derived⁴⁵ from the business revenue and profits of securities registration and clearing institution， and may also be collected from securities companies at a certain percentage of the volume of their securities traded.

　　The measures for raising an managing securities clearing risk fund shall be prescribed by securities regulatory authority in conjunction with the finance department under the State Council.

　　Article 155 The money in the securities clearing risk fund shall be controlled as earmarked money.

　　After paying compensation with money from the risk fund， a securities registration and clearing institution shall have recourse to the responsible person（s）。

　　Article 156 The application of a securities registration and clearing institution for dissolution shall be subject to approval by the securities regulatory authority under the State Council.

　　Chapter Ⅷ

　　Securities Trading Service Organizations

　　Article 157 Professional securities investment consulting organizations and credit-rating institutions may be established， where they are needed for securities investment and trading business. The conditions for establishment of securities investment consulting organizations and credit-rating institutions， the examination and approval procedures and the business rules of such organizations and institutions shall be prescribed by the securities regulatory authority under the State Council.

　　Article 158 The business persons of professional securities investment consulting organizations and credit-rating institutions shall be persons who are armed with professional knowledge of securities and have engaged in the securities business for not less than two years. The criteria⁴⁶ and administrative measures for determining the qualifications of such persons to engage in securities business shall be formulated by the securities regulatory authority under the State Council.

　　Article 159 Employees of a securities investment consulting organization may not engage in the following activities：

　　（1）investing in securities as an agent for an entrusting⁴⁷ party；

　　（2）agreeing with an entrusting party t share profits or losses from securities investment；

　　（3）purchasing or selling the shares of listed companies to which the consulting organization provides services； or

　　（4）other activities prohibited by laws or administrative regulations.

　　Article 160 Professional securities investment consulting organizations and credit-rating institutions shall charge service fees in accordance with the rates or measures prescribed by the relevant administrative department under the State Council.

　　Article 161 Professional institutions and individuals that produce documents such as audit²⁹ report， asset appraisal reports and legal opinions for the issuance or listing of securities or for securities trading activities shall do so in accordance with the working procedures procedures prescribed in the rules of their profession. They shall check and verify the truthfulness， accuracy and completeness of the contents of the reports to be produced by them and shall bear joint and several liability for the parts of such reports for which they are responsible.

　　Chapter Ⅸ

　　The Securities Industry Association

　　Article 162 The Securities Industry Association is a self-regulating organization for the securities industry and is a public organization with the status of a legal person.

　　Securities companies shall join the Securities Industry Association.

　　The organ of authority of the Securities Industry Association is the members' general assembly composed of all of the members.

　　Article 163 The charter of the Securities Industry Association shall be formulated by its members' general assembly and submitted to the securities regulatory authority under the State Council for the record.

　　Article 164 The Securities Industry Association shall perform the following functions：

　　（1）to assist the securities regulatory authority in enabling members to understand and implement⁴⁸ the laws and administrative regulations governing securities；

　　（2）to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of members according to law and to report members' suggestions and requests to the securities regulatory authority；

　　（3）to collect and process information on securities and provide services to members；

　　（4）t formulate³⁹ rules to be observed by members， to arrange for vocational training for the employees of its members and to promote professional exchanges among members；

　　（5）t mediate⁴⁹ in the event of disputes between members or between members and their clients；

　　（6）to make arrangements for members to research into the development， operation and other matters related to the securities industry；

　　（7）t supervise and inspect members' conduct and， in accordance with rules， to impose disciplinary sanctions on any member that violates laws， administrative regulations or the articles of Association； and

　　（8）other function delegated to it by the securities regulatory authority under the State Council.

　　Article 165 The Securities Industry Association shall have a board of governors. The members of the board of governors shall be elected as prescribed in the articles of association.

　　Chapter Ⅹ

　　Securities Regulatory Authority

　　Article 166 The securities regulatory authority under the State Council shall regulate the securities market according to law， maintain order of the securities market and ensure the lawful operation of the same.

　　Article 167 The securities regulatory authority under the State Council shall perform the following functions in regulating the securities market：

　　（1） to formulate， according to law， rules and regulations concerning regulation of the securities market and lawfully⁵⁰ exercise its power of examination and approval or verification；

　　（2 to regulate， according to law， the offering， trading， registration， custody and clearing of securities；

　　（3） to regulate， according to law， the securities business activities of the issuers of securities， listed companies， stock exchanges， securities companies， securities registration and clearing institutions， securities investment fund management institutions， securities investment consulting organizations， credit-rating institutions， and those law firms， public accounting⁵¹ firms and asset appraisal organizations that are engaged in securities business；

　　（4） to formulate， according to law， the qualification criteria and code of conduct for persons engaged in securities business， and to see that these are observed；

　　（5） to supervise and inspect， according to law， the disclosure of information in connection with securities offering and trading；

　　（6） to guide and supervise the activities of the Securities Industry Association according to law；

　　（7） according to law， to investigate and deal with violations⁵² of laws and administrative regulations concerning the regulation of the securities market； and

　　（8）other functions prescribed in laws and administrative regulations.

　　Article 168 When performing its functions according to law， the securities regulatory authority under the State Council shall have the power to adopt the following measures：

　　（1）to enter the site where an illegal act is committed to investigate and collect evidence；

　　（2）t question the party concerned and any unit or individual connected with the event under investigation⁵³， and to requite⁵⁴ them to give explanations concerning matters connected with the event under investigation；

　　（3） to inspect and make copies of the securities trading records， records of registration of change in ownership， financial and accounting information and other relevant documents and materials of the party concerned and any unit or individual connected with the event under investigation， and to seal up documents or materials likely to be removed or concealed⁵⁶； and

　　（4）to examine the fund accounts and securities accounts of the party concerned and any unit or individual connected with the event under investigation， and if there is evidence to substantiate⁵⁷ signs that illegally obtained funds or securities have been removed or concealed， to apply to a judicial⁵⁸ organ to freeze the same.

　　Article 169 When members of the securities regulatory authority under the State Council conduct supervision⁵⁹， inspection⁶⁰ or investigation during the lawful performance of their duties， they shall produce the relevant papers and be obligated to maintain the confidentiality⁶¹ of the commercial secrets of units of individuals with they become aware of.

　　Article 170 Members of the securities regulatory authority under the State Council shall perform their duties faithfully， do their work according to law and be impartial⁶² and honest. They may not take advantage of their positions to seek illegitimate gains.

　　Article 171 When the securities regulatory authority under the State Council performs its functions according to law， the units and individuals under inspection or investigation shall cooperate and provide truthful relevant documents and materials. Such units and individuals may not refuse to cooperate， obstruct⁶³ inspection or investigation or conceal⁵⁵ relevant documents or materials.

　　Article 172 The rules and regulations and the regulatory work systems formulated according to law by the securities regulatory authority under the State Council shall be made public.

　　Decisions made by the securities regulatory authority under the State Council， on the basis of the results of its investigations⁶⁴， to impose penalties on illegal acts involving securities shall be made public.

　　Article 173 If， during the performance with of its functions according to law， the securities regulatory authority under the State Council suspects that an illegal act involving securities discovered by it may constitute a criminal offense⁶⁵， it shall hand the case over to a judicial organ for it to handle.

　　Article 174 No members of the securities regulatory authority under the State Council may concurrently hold a position in an organization that is under the regulation of the authority.

　　Chapter Ⅺ

　　Legal Liability

　　Article 175 Any unit that issues securities without verification or examination and approval by the statutory authority or that issues securities by forging issuing documents shall be ordered to cease issuance and refund⁶⁶ the funds thus raised， together with bank deposit interest for the same period， and shall also be fined not less than one percent but not more than five percent of the amount of the illegally raised funds. The persons directly in charge and the other persons directly responsible shall be given a disciplinary warning and also be fined not less than 30， 000 Yuan but not more than 300， 000 Yuan. If the offense constitutes a crime， criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.

　　Article 176 Where a securities company underwrites or deals as and agent in securities issued without verification or examination and approval， the securities regulatory authority shall have it closed down， confiscate⁶⁷ its illegal gains and impose on it a fine of not less than the amount of but not more than five times the illegal gains. The persons directly in charge and the other persons directly responsible shall be given a disciplinary warning and also be fined not less than 30， 000 Yuan but not more than 300， 000 Yuan. If the offense constitutes a crime， criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.

　　Article 177 Where the issuer of securities listed upon verification pursuant to this Law fails to disclose information in accordance with relevant regulations or the information disclosed contains a falsehood， misleading statement or major omission⁶⁸， the securities regulatory authority shall order the issuer to take remedial measures and impose on it a fine of not less than 300， 000 Yuan but not more than 600， 000 Yuan. The persons directly in charge and the other persons directly responsible shall be given a disciplinary warning and also be fined not less than 30， 000 Yuan but not more than 300， 000 Yuan. If the offense constitutes crime， criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.

　　If the issuer mentioned in the preceding paragraph fails to announce its listing documents or submit the relevant reports schedule， the securities regulatory authority shall order it to take remedial measures and impose on it a fine of not less than 50， 000 Yuan but not more than 100， 000 Yuan.

　　Article 178 If anyone illegally established a stock exchange， the securities regulatory authority shall close down the same， confiscate any illegal gains and impose a fine of not less than the amount of but not more than five times the illegal gains. If there are no illegal gains， a fine of not less than 100， 000 Yuan but not more than 500， 000 Yuan shall be imposed. The persons directly in charge and the other persons directly responsible shall be given a disciplinary warning and also be fined not less than 30， 000 Yuan but not more than 300， 000 Yuan. If the offense constitutes a crime， criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.

　　Article 179 If anyone established a securities company and operates securities business without approval and a business license ， the securities regulatory authority shall have it closed down， confiscate any illegal gains and impose a fine of not less than the amount of but not more than five times the illegal gains. If there are no illegal gains， a fine of not less than 30， 000 Yuan but not more than 100， 000 Yuan shall be imposed. If the offense constitutes a crime， criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.

　　Article 180 If anyone who is prohibited by laws or administrative regulations from participating in share trading holds， purchases or sells shares directly or under an assumed name or in the name of another， he shall be ordered to dispose of the illegally held shares according to law， his illegal gains shall be confiscated⁶⁹ and he shall also be impose a fine of not more than the value of the shares purchased or sold. If the offender⁷⁰ is a State functionary⁷¹， administrative sanctions shall， in addition， be imposed on him according to law.

　　Article 181 If an employee of a stock exchange， securities company， securities registration and clearing institution or securities trading service organization， or a staff member of the Securities Industry Association or the securities regulatory authority intentionally⁷² provides false information， forges， alters or destroys trading records or inveigle⁷³ investors⁷⁴ into purchasing or selling shares， his professional qualifications shall be revoked⁷⁵ and a fine f not less than 30， 00 Yuan but not more than 50， 000 Yuan shall imposed. If the offender is a State functionary， administrative sanctions shall， in addition， be imposed according to law. If the offense constitutes a crime， criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.

　　Article 182 If， in violation of the provisions in Article 39 of this Law， a professional institution or individual that produces documents such as audit reports， asset appraisal reports and legal opinions for the issuance or listing of shares purchases or sells shares， it or he shall be ordered to dispose of the illegally obtained shares according to law， the illegal gains shall be confiscated and a fine of not more than the value of the shares purchased or sold shall， in addition， be imposed.

　　Article 183 If， before information that may affect the issuance or trading of securities or other information that may have a major effect on the price of securities is made public， a person who has insider information on securities trading or a person who illegally obtains such information purchases or sells securities， divulges⁷⁶ such information or counsels another to purchase sell such securities， he shall be ordered to dispose of the illegally obtained securities according to law， his illegal gains shall be confiscated and， in addition， he shall be imposed a fine of not less than the amount of but not more than five times the illegal gains， or a fine of not more than the value of the securities illegally purchased or sold. If the offense constitutes a crime， criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.

　　If a staff member of the securities regulatory authority engages in insider trading， he shall be given a heavier punishment.

　　Article 184 If anyone， in violation of the provisions in Article 71 of this Law， obtains illegitimate benefits or shifts risks to others by manipulating securities trading prices or fabricating sham securities trading prices or securities trading volumes， his illegal gains shall be confiscated and he shall be fined not less than the amount of but not more than five times the illegal gains. If the offense constitutes a crime， criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.

　　Article 185 If anyone， in violation of the provisions of this Law， purchases or sells securities by misappropriating public funds ， his illegal gains shall be confiscated and he shall be fined not less than the amount or but not more than five times the illegal gains. If the offender is a State functionary， administrative sanctions shall， in addition， be imposed according to law. If the offense constitutes a crime， criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.

　　Article 186 If a securities company， in violation of the provisions of this Law， sells for a client securities that are not actually in the client's account or provides funds for a client to purchase securities， its illegal gains therefrom shall be confiscated and fine equal to the value of the securities illegally purchased or sold shall be imposed on it. The persons directly in charge and the other persons directly responsible shall be given a disciplinary warning and also be fined not less than 30， 000 Yuan but not more than 300， 000 Yuan. If the offense constitutes a crime， criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.

　　Article 187 If a securities company， in violation of the provisions of this Law， sells the securities purchased on the same day upon a client's instruction or on its own account， its illegal gains shall be confiscated and a fine of not less than five percent but not more than 20 percent of the amount of the illegal securities transaction shall be imposed on it.

　　Article 188 Anyone who， by fabricating and disseminating⁷⁷ false information that affects securities trading， disrupts the order of the securities trading market shall be fined not less than 30， 000 Yuan but not more than 200， 000 Yuan. If the offense constitutes a crime， criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.

　　Article 189 If a stock exchange， securities company， securities registration and clearing institution， securities trading service organization or pubic intermediary organization or one of their employees， or the securities Industry Association， the securities regulatory authority or one of their staff members makes a false statement or gives misleading information in the course of securities trading， the offender shall be ordered to set it to rights and fined not less than 30， 000 Yuan but not more than 200， 000 Yuan. If the offender is a State functionary， he shall， in addition， be given administrative sanctions according to law. If the offense constitutes a crime， criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.

　　Article 190 If a legal person， in violation of the provisions of this Law， opens an account to deal in securities in the name of an individual， it shall be ordered to make rectification⁷⁸， the illegal gains shall be confiscated and a fine of not less than the amount of but not more than five times the illegal gains shall be imposed. If the persons directly in charge or the other persons directly responsible are State functionaries， they shall be given administrative sanctions according to law.

　　Article 191 If a comprehensive securities company， in violation of the provisions of this Law， engages in business on its own account in the name of another or in the name of an individual， kit⁷⁹ shall be ordered to make rectification， is illegal gains shall be confiscated， and it shall be fined not less than the amount of but not more than five times the illegal gains. If the circumstances are serious， its business on its own account shall be stopped.

　　Article 192 If a securities company deals in securities or handles trading matters contrary to a client's instructions， or handles non-trading matters contrary to the client's authentic⁸⁰ declaration of intention， and thus causes loess to the client， it shall be liable for losses according to law and be fined not less than 10， 000 Yuan but not more than 100， 000 Yuan.

　　Article 193 If， without the client's instruction， a securities company， securities registration and clearing instituted or one of their employees purchases， sells， misappropriates or lends securities in the client's account， uses the client's securities as collatoral， or misappropriate the funds in the client's account， it or he shall be ordered to make rectification， the illegal gains shall be confiscated， a fine of not less than the amount of but not more than five times the illegal gains shall be imposed， and the securities company or securities registration and clearing institution shall be ordered to close down， or the professional qualification certificate of the responsible person shall be revoked. If the offense constitutes a crime， criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.

　　Article 194 If， when handling brokerage business， a securities company accepts unlimited authorization by a client to purchase or sell securities or given a commitment to a client concerning profits from the purchase or sale of securities or compensation for losses from the purchase or sale of securities， it shall be ordered to make rectification and shall be fined not less than 50， 000 Yuan but not more than 200， 000 Yuan.

　　Article 195 If anyone， in violation of the statutory procedures for the takeover of listed companies， gains illegitimate profits by taking advantage of the takeover of a listed company， the offender shall be ordered to make rectification， the illegal gains shall be confiscated and a fine of not less than the amount of but not more than five times the illegal gains shall be imposed.

　　Article 196 If a securities company or one of its employees， in violation of the provisions of this Law， privately⁸¹ accepts instructions from a client to purchase or sell securities， the illegal gains shall be confiscated and a fine of not less than the amount of but not more than five times the illegal gains shall be imposed.

　　Article 197 If a securities company， in violation of the provisions of this Law， engages， without approval， in the trading of unlisted securities， it shall be ordered to make rectification， its illegal gains shall be confiscated， and it shall be fined not less than the amount of but not more than five times the illegal gains.

　　Article 198 If， after its establishment， a securities company fails to commence business without justifiable⁸² reason or， after having commenced business， it suspends business on its own for a period of not less than there months running， its corporate business license shall be revoked by the company registration authority.

　　Article 199 If a securities company， in violation of the provisions of this Law， engages in securities business beyond the scope of business permitted， it shall be ordered to make rectification， its illegal gains shall be confiscated， and it shall be fined not less than the amount of but not more than five times the illegal gains. If the circumstances are serious， the securities company shall be ordered to close down.

　　Article 200 If a securities company that operates at the same time securities brokerage business and securities business on its own account fails to keep the two type of business separate from each according to law and operates them together， it shall be ordered to make rectification， its illegal gains shall be confiscated， and it shall be fined not less than the amount of but not more than five times the illegal gains. If the circumstances are serious， the securities regulatory authority shall revoke the original verification of the securities business.

　　Article 201 If a unit submits sham supporting documents or conceals⁸³ major facts by other fraudulent means to and thus obtains a securities business permit by deception⁸⁴， or if a securities company commits a serious illegal act in the course of securities trading so that it is no longer qualified to operate such business， the securities regulatory authority shall revoke its securities business license and order it to close down.

　　Article 202 If a professional institution that produces documents such as audit reports， asset appraisal reports and legal opinions for the issuance or listing of securities or for securities trading activities makes false statements in the part f the contents for which it is responsible， its illegal gains shall be confiscated， it shall be fined not less than the amount of but not more than five times the illegal gains， and the relevant authority in charge shall order the said institution to suspend business and shall revoke the qualification certificates of the persons directly responsible therefor. If losses are caused， it shall bear joint and several liability for losses. If the offense constitutes a crime， criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.

　　Article 203 If a securities registration and clearing institution or a securities trading service organization is established without approval of the securities regulatory authority， the securities regulatory authority shall close down the same， confiscate its illegal gains and impose on it a fine of not less than the amount of but not more than five times the illegal gains.

　　If a securities registration and clearing institution or a securities trading service organization violates the provisions of this Law or the business rules uniformly formulated by the securities regulatory authority， the securities regulatory authority shall order it to make rectification， confiscate its illegal gains and impose on it a fine of not less than the amount of but not more than five times the illegal gains. If the circumstances are serious， the securities regulatory authority shall order the securities registration and clearing institution or the securities trading service organization to close down.

　　Article 204 If the securities regulatory authority approves an application for offering or listing of securities that dose not conform to the provisions of this Law or approves an application for establishment of a securities company， securities registration and clearing institution or securities trading service organization that does not meet the conditions prescribed in this Law， where the circumstances are serious， the persons directly in charge and the other persons directly responsible shall be given administrative sanctions according to law. If the offence constitutes a crime， criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.

　　Article 205 If a staff member of the securities regulatory authority or a member of the issuance examination commission fails to perform his duties prescribed in this Law， engages in malpractices for personal gain， neglects his duties， or intentionally creates difficulties for the parties concerned， he shall be given administrative sanctions according to law. If the offense constitutes a crime， his criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.

　　Article 206 If a unit issues or underwrites corporate bonds in violation of the provisions of this Law， the department authorized⁸⁵ by the State Council shall impose penalties on it in accordance with the provisions in Articles 175， 176 and 202 of this Law.

　　Article 207 If the property of a person， who violates the provisions of this Law and who therefore bears civil liability for damages and is required to pay a fine， is insufficient⁸⁶ to pay both the damages and the fine， such person shall first bear the civil liability for damages.

　　Article 208 If a person， by violence or threat， obstructs⁸⁷ the securities regulatory authority in the lawful exercise of its functions and powers of regulation and inspection， his criminal liability shall be pursued according to law. If a person， without resorting to violence or threat， prevents or obstructs the securities regulatory authority of its staff members from or in lawfully exercising their functions and powers of regulation and inspection， such person shall be punished in accordance with the Regulations on Administrative Penalties for Public Security.

　　Article 209 All the illegal gains from， and fines for， illegal offering and trading of securities which are confiscated and imposed pursuant to this Law shall be turned over to the State treasury⁸⁸.

　　Article 210 If a person concerned is dissatisfied wit ha punishment decision of the securities regulatory authority or the department authorized by the Stated Council， such person may apply for reconsideration by or directly institute legal proceedings⁸⁹ in a People's Court according to law.

　　Chapter Ⅻ

　　Supplementary⁹⁰ Provisions

　　Article 211 Securities whose listing on a stock exchange was approved pursuant t administrative regulations before this Law goes into effect shall continue to be traded according to law.

　　Securities business institutions which were established upon approval pursuant to administrative regulations and regulations of the administrative department for finance under the State Council before this law goes into effect and which do not fully²⁵ conform to the provisions of this Law shall make efforts to meet the requirements prescribed in this Law within the specified time limit. Specific measures in this respect shall be formulated prescribed separately by the State Council.

　　Article 212 The measure required to implement the provisions of this Law concerning the funds for clearing of client's transactions shall be prescribed separately by the State Council.

　　Article 213 Specific measures in respect of shares of companies in China which are to be subscribed⁹¹ and traded in foreign currencies by persons and organizations outside of China shall be formulated separately by the State Council.

　　Article 214 This Law shall go into effect as of July 1， 1999.

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