开始写作之前要有个计划，这样在写作的时候才会知道自己要写什么、写作的目的是什么，才能更好的考虑用什么样的写作方式。 

Chapter 1 Plan 

Objectives:

 By the end of this chapter, you'll be able to plan your writing. You'll do this by deciding:

--why you are writing

--how you want your reader to respond

--what you want your reader to know 

 

Why do you plan?

 What is the value of planning? Think about this... 

Have you ever sat at your desk not knowing how to begin? Very often, you may find writing difficult because you start writing right away. In other words, you overlook the importance of planning before you write. Unfortunately, "if you fail to plan, you plan to fail." So you need to plan your writing ... and then write according to your plan. If you plan well, your writing is more likely to get the results you want. 

 

How can you plan your writing? 

 

Effective writers use 3 strategies.

 WHY are you writing?

WHAT do you want the reader to do?

WHAT does the reader need to know? 

These 3 questions provide a good framework for planning. Let’s look at them one by one. 

 

Why are you writing?

 The business world is full of busy people. They don't want to waste time reading meaningless letters, memos¹, faxes and e-mails. They don't want to guess why you're writing to them. That's why it's very important for you to state your purpose for writing very clearly at the beginning. 

Look at the following letter: 

20 September 200X Mr Robert Roman 13/F 151 Gloucester Rd Wan Chai Hong Kong Dear Mr Roman HSBC CREDIT CARD 5411 8001 7633 8766 Thank you for your letter dated 18 September 200X. We would advise that the card fee would be automatically billed to your card account annually2 despite your renewed card is remained uncollected. However, annual fee can be refunded3 provided that the card is uncollected within a certain period and is returned to the Card Centre for cancellation4. Please therefore pick up your renewed card at your earliest convenience. We are pleased to be of service. Yours sincerely S TSE Simon Tse Customer Service Officer Card Centre

Simon's letter is not as effective as it could be. It's actually quite difficult to identify his purpose. You may have had to guess.

Simon probably wanted to dotwothings:
--to ask Mr Roman to collect his credit card and
--to explain how the annual fee for credit cards is charged.

So, you need to identify your purpose for writing. Your readers need to know why you are writing to them. Therefore, you should state your purpose for writing very clearly at the beginning. You can do this by writing a sentence which begins with a set phrase followed by a verb. For example,

I’m writing to / I would like to…explain / request…

 When you use this method to state your purpose, the verb you choose is very important. Why? Because it helps your reader understand why you are writing.

Here are some of the verbs you can use: announce, complain, confirm, explain, inform, notify, propose, request and suggest.

 WHAT do you want the reader to do?

 After you decide why you are writing, you need to determine your reader's response.

Your readers need to know exactly what you want them to do. Therefore, you should be very specific when determining your reader's response. Compare the following two sentences:

 1. Please therefore pick up your renewed card at your earliest convenience.

2. Please pick up your new card at our Central branch by 31 May.

 Sentence 2 is more specific than sentence 1.

 Remember: when you decide what you want your reader to do, you need to be as specific as possible.

 WHAT does the reader need to know?

So far, you've learned how to determine your purpose for writing and your reader's response. But how can you determine what your reader needs to know? The answer depends on:

--why you are writing and

--what you want the reader to do.

 Look at the letter again:

20 September 200X Mr Robert Roman 13/F 151 Gloucester Rd Wan Chai Hong Kong Dear Mr Roman HSBC CREDIT CARD 5411 8001 7633 8766 Thank you for your letter dated 18 September 200X. We would advise that the card fee would be automatically billed to your card account annually despite your renewed card is remained uncollected. However, annual fee can be refunded provided that the card is uncollected within a certain period and is returned to the Card Centre for cancellation. Please therefore pick up your renewed card at your earliest convenience. We are pleased to be of service. Yours sincerely S TSE Simon Tse Customer Service Officer Card Centre

IF Simon

--wants to explain the charges (writer's purpose)

--expects Mr Roman to understand the charges (reader's response)

 THEN Mr Roman needs to know (reader's information)

--WHAT the charges are

--WHY the charges are applied⁵

--WHO to talk to if he has questions

 

IF Simon

--wants to ask Mr Roman to collect his credit card (writer's purpose)

--expects Mr Roman to collect his credit card (reader's response)

 

THEN Mr Roman needs to know (reader's information)

--HOW to collect his credit card

--WHERE to collect his credit card

--WHEN to collect his credit card

 

He needs to know WHO? WHAT? WHY? WHERE? WHEN? and HOW? Some professional writers call these the five W's and the one H. You can use the "5WIH" questions when you plan the reader's information. If you do this, you will ensure that your reader has all the necessary information.

 

Summary

In this chapter, you've learned the three strategies used in planning. Planning is a key to success in writing. "If you fail to plan, you plan to fail."

 Before you start to write, you have to plan what to write. You then write according to your plan. When you plan, you need to consider the following:

--the writer's purpose

--the reader's response

--the reader's information.

 

In other words, you can help your reader by stating very clearly why you are writing and how you expect your reader to respond. The 5W1H questions (who, what, why, where, when and how) help to ensure you have included all the necessary information.

Then, you can provide the information your reader needs to know.

 

 来源：中国物流论坛

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