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2008年9月27日下午,“神七”航天员翟志刚进入太空,成为中国太空漫步第一人,吸引了全世界的目光。海外舆论评论说,翟志刚的一小步是中国的一大步。翟志刚精准完成在舱外漫步的任务,并同步施放了小型卫星。这次成功,不仅将中国太空科技又往前推了一大步,也证明了中国的太空实力。航天员出舱是当前中国航天科技的核心标志,不仅标志着“神七”核心任务的圆满完成,同时也为中国航天事业树立了一个阶段性的里程碑,完全足以证明中国航天事业出舱能力的全面掌握与建立,下一步,中国航天事业将会进入又一个新阶段,迎来新的辉煌。 在举国欢腾庆祝中国首次实现太空漫步的时候,不妨让我们通过英语新闻报道来学习了解相关情况,学习一些相关词汇,丰富我们的词语积累,提高我们的英语表达能力。以下是美联社的一篇新闻报道: China space mission returns after first spacewalk Three Chinese astronauts made a jubilant return to Earth on Sunday after successfully completing the country's first-ever spacewalk, an event the premier2 said was "a stride forward" in China's space history. The spacewalk was mainly aimed at testing China's mastery of the technology involved. The sole task of mission commander Zhai Zhigang was to retrieve3 a rack attached to the outside of the orbital module4. He remained outside for about 13 minutes. "It was a glorious mission, full of challenges with a successful end," Zhai said after the Shenzhou 7 module landed under clear skies in the grasslands5 of China's northern Inner Mongolia region. "We feel proud of the motherland." State broadcaster CCTV showed the astronauts emerge from their capsule, which floated gently down under a giant red-and-white-striped parachute, and wave at cameras as they celebrated6 the end of their 68-hour mission. Zhai, Liu Boming and Jing Haipeng stayed inside for about 46 minutes to adapt to Earth's gravity before crawling out of the narrow entrance. They were declared healthy after medical examinations inside the module. "This mission's success is a milestone7; a stride forward," Premier Wen Jiabao said at mission control. Saturday's space walk, which was broadcast live and watched by crowds gathered around outdoor television screens, further stoked national pride one month after the close of the Beijing Olympics. "A small step by Zhai Zhigang in space is a big step in the history of the Chinese nation," said a commentary by the official Xinhua News Agency carried Sunday by the Beijing Daily newspaper. On most newspaper front pages were pictures of Zhai clutching a Chinese flag as he hovered8 in space outside the Shenzhou 7 vessel9, alongside photos of Chinese President Hu Jintao on a telephone as he spoke10 to the astronauts. While successful, the spacewalk wasn't without anxious moments. Zhai, a 41-year-old fighter pilot, appeared to struggle with the hatch and a fire alarm was triggered in the orbiter as he began the spacewalk. Wang Zhaoyao, deputy director of manned space flight, conceded that the combined effects of weightlessness and depressurization on the hatch opening operation hadn't been fully1 anticipated. He blamed a faulty sensor11 for the fire alarm. The spacewalk required the astronauts to first depressurize and then repressurize the orbital module and proved the effectiveness of Zhai's Feitian space suit, produced by China at a cost of $4.4 million. Liu wore a nearly identical Russian-made Orlan suit, according to the reports. The spacewalk paves the way for assembling a space station from two Shenzhou orbital modules12, the next major goal of China's manned spaceflight program. China is also pursuing lunar exploration and may attempt to land a man on the moon in the next decade — possibly ahead of NASA's 2020 target date for returning to the moon. China launched its first manned mission, Shenzhou 5, in 2003, becoming only the third country. 从上面的新闻报道可以看出,space mission指的是神舟七号载人飞船执行的太空探索使命,举世瞩目的太空漫步就是space walk,首次太空漫步就是first-ever spacewalk。翟志刚短短的20分钟的太空漫步被媒体称为中国航天事业上的一大步(A small step by Zhai Zhigang in space is a big step in the history of the Chinese nation。)用温家宝总理的话来说叫做a stride forward。 Mission commander指的是“神七”乘组指令长,神七乘组第一次设置了指令长岗位,即任务中自称“洞幺(01)”的航天员翟志刚。 Orbital module就是轨道舱。载人飞船manned spaceship/spacecraft主要由三个舱体组成,即轨道舱(Orbital Module)、返回舱(Reentry Capsule)、设备舱(Service Module)。与module相关的词语还有返回舱(re-entry module);推进舱(propelling module);指令舱(command module)和登月舱(lunar module)。 The Shenzhou 7 module landed指的是神舟七号在完成历史性的使命之后返回内蒙古中部地区的主着落场(the main landing site)。 Capsule指的是太空舱,与module为同义词,本文指的就是神舟七号的返回舱the re-entry capsule。Mission control 指的是地面指挥中心。 Depressurize and then repressurize指的是航天员出舱前后必须经历的“减压”和“升压”的过程。由于航天服内的压力只有正常气压的30%~40%,如果航天员骤然进入低压状态可能因为原来溶解于体液中的氮气由于气压的变动迅速地变为气泡,引起栓塞而威胁生命安全。这种症状不光出现于太空活动,人类在潜水中也会遇到类似的状况——潜水员骤然从海底返回海面则会出现低压状况,造成同样的栓塞。因此这种情况被称为“潜水症”。所以航天员必须在出舱之前就做好相应的准备。首先在出舱前几小时必须呼吸纯氧,这样可以慢慢排掉身体内多余的氮气。其次在太空船中设有一个专门的气阀舱,航天员在出舱前和返回后都必须经历“减压”和“升压”的过程,使压力慢慢变化,这样身体适应了就不会出现潜水症了。由于出舱活动减压升压的需要,“神七”太空船上增加了气阀舱这样的设备。这在以前的神舟飞船上是没有的。 Space suit一般指航天员穿着的航天服,本文指的是我国自行研制的“飞天”舱外航天服或者说舱外活动服,英文叫做extra-vehicular activity suit,简称EVA suit。我国自行研制的“飞天”牌舱外航天服每套总重量约120公斤,造价3000万元人民币左右。舱外航天服可为航天员出舱活动提供适当的大气压力、足够的氧气、适宜的温湿度,以保障航天员的生命活动需要;航天服具有足够的强度,防止辐射、微流星和空间碎片对航天员的伤害,保证航天员的工作能力;航天服还能提供可靠工效保障及遥测通信保障等。 Space station指宇宙空间站。宇宙空间站是能在太空中长时间运行的巨大载人飞船,空间站上有工作舱、生活舱、服务舱和对接舱,舱内有类似地面的生活环境,宇航员和研究人员可利用各种仪器设备进行科学研究。本文提及,此次神舟七号的太空漫步为中国建立自己的宇宙空间站铺平了道路。按照我国载人航天计划,中国最终将建设一个永久性的宇宙空间站。我国将在2010年至2015年间发射“天宫”一号目标飞行器和“天宫”二号、“天宫”三号两个空间实验室,还将分别发射2艘无人飞船进行无人对接试验,然后再发射5艘飞船进行载人对接试验和载人驻留试验,预计在7年内连续发射7艘太空飞船。空间实验室是设立在太空的用于开展各类空间科学实验的实验室。据悉,我国目前在研的“天宫”空间实验室采用两舱结构,分别为实验舱和资源舱。该站的大致模样:包括一个核心舱、一架货运飞船、一架载人飞船和两个用于实验等功能的其他舱,总重量在100吨以下。这个空间站建成后,核心舱可不断加舱。届时,每年将往空间站发射若干个航天器。据中国工程院院士、神舟飞船原总设计师戚发轫介绍,中国航天的目标分为三大步,第一步是把人送上太空,这个目标在神五顺利升空时即已达成。第二步是继续突破载人航天的基本技术:多人多天飞行、航天员出舱在太空行走、完成飞船与空间舱的交会对接。第三步就是建立永久性的空间试验室,进行科学试验。神七升空,意味着三步曲中的第二音阶已然奏响,随后的神八到神十飞船将相继升空,以奇丽的太空之舞构筑起中国自己的“天宫”系列太空实验室。 NASA是The National Aeronautics13 and Space Administration的首字母缩写词,即美国航空航天管理局,海外华文媒体又习惯称之为美国太空署。中国实现首次太空漫步之后,美国航空航天局探月计划负责人吉尔布雷斯认为,中国将在2017年或2018年实现登月,从而先于美国计划的在2020年重返月球。2004年1月14日,美国总统布什在NASA华盛顿总部宣读了“新太空计划”,雄心勃勃地提出“重返月球”,其核心目标是在月球上建立永久基地,并以此为跳板,为人类登陆火星甚至探索更遥远的太空做准备。 除了上述词语知识外,与我国“神舟号”系列太空飞船有关的常用词汇还有以下一些: 载人航天 manned space flight 载人航天计划 manned space program 无人飞船 unmanned spaceship / spacecraft 试验太空船 experimental spacecraft 多级火箭 multistage rocket 返回式卫星 recoverable satellite 通信卫星 communication satellite 遥感卫星 remote sensing satellite 运载火箭 carrier rocket; rocket launcher 长征二号F运载火箭 Long March II F carrier rocket (“神舟七号”的运载火箭) 有效载荷能力 payload capability 近地轨道 low Earth orbit 气象卫星 weather satellite; meteorological satellite 太阳同步轨道卫星 satellite in sun-synchronous orbit 同步轨道卫星 geosynchronous satellite 舱外活动(又叫“出舱活动””,即“太空行走”)extra-vehicular activity(EVA) 紧急供氧装置 emergency oxygen apparatus 空间物理探测 space physics exploration 国际空间站 International Space Station 太阳能电池板 solar panel 太空升降舱 space elevator 外太空 outer space; deep space 银河系 Milky Way galaxy 阿波罗号宇宙飞船 Apollo 发射卫星 launch a satellite 发射升空 blast off 发射台launch pad 轨道orbit 人造卫星 artificial satellite 点击收听单词发音
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