克隆儿之父
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Father of the impossible children

  Severino Antinori is a physician whose reputation among infertile1 couples is far overshadowed by his international fame as the man who wants to clone a human being.

克隆儿之父

  塞弗里诺·安蒂诺里是一位医生,他在不孕夫妇中的名声远远比不上他要克隆人的国际声誉。

Antinori was born  56 years ago to small landowners in a village of Abruzzi,a region of central-southern Italy. The young Severino would watch with fascination2 while his uncle,a veterinarian,would artificially inseminate cows on surrounding farms. After his family moved to Rome,Antinori signed up for medical studies,where he soon discovered his intolerance for,as he puts it,the"academic mafia that was ruling the university. "Still,he met Caterina Versaci there,and the two married shortly after they received their medical degrees. Specializing in gastroenterology and,later,in gynecology,Antinori worked in various posts around Italy before landing at Regina Elena,a public fertility hospital in Rome.

  In 1986,he says,he oversaw3 the birth of the first Italian child to be conceived in a publicly funded clinic through in vitro fertilization(IVF). But after clashing with some of his colleagues and hospital administrators,he resigned and,with his wife,set up the Associated Researchers for Human Reproduction(RAPRUI)clinic. Antinori made his mark in the late1980s,when he pioneered a technique called subzonal insemination(SUZI)to position sperm4 below the zona pellucida,the barrier around the egg,or oocyte. His work opened the way to intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI),in which a single sperm is injected directly into the egg cell. He later introduced lasers to facilitate embryonic5 implantation. His résumélists a professorship of human reproduction at the University of Rome as well as about 40journal publications. In the past decade,however,he has become more involved with the judicial6 system than the peer-review one.

     安蒂诺里56年前出生在意大利中南部阿布鲁齐村的一个小地主家庭。小时候,当他做兽医的叔叔在周围的牧场里给母牛做人工授精时,安蒂诺里便饶有兴趣地在一旁观看。搬住罗马后,他便开始学医。不久,他发现自己不能忍受被他称之为"统治大学的学术黑手党"的管制。也是在那里,他遇见了卡泰丽娜·韦尔萨奇,在双方都拿到医学学位后不久两人便结了婚。精通肠胃医术,后来又攻下了妇产科医术,安蒂诺里在意大利各种医务岗位上工作过,最后来到里贾纳·埃琳娜罗马的一家公立生殖医院。

   1986年,他声称给意大利首例在一家公立医院通过体外授精怀孕的孩子接了生。但是,在与同事及院领导发生了几次冲突之后,他辞了职,与妻子一起创建了人类繁殖联合研究中心。20世纪80年代后期,安蒂诺里在亚区授精技术领域做出了成绩。运用该技术,可以把精子放置在卵子或卵母细胞的屏障清澈层下。他开创了细胞质内注射的先河,即把一个单精子直接植入一卵细胞内。后来,他又将激光应用于胚胎移植中。他在个人简历中有一项是罗马大学人类生殖学教授,也是大约40种期刊的教授,然而,在过去的10年里,他来不及好好地回顾成绩,却陷入司法诉讼的纷争中。

ICSI is routine today. It is the only option for mil lions of men who are subfertile--that is,men who have low-motility sperm. Indeed,according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,more than90percent of U. S. fertility labs offered the procedure in1999,although geneticists warn that the technique results in an alarming number of chromosomal8 abnormalities.

   现在细胞质内精子注射已很普遍,这是一项对许多生育能力低下的男性的惟一选择,他们的精子运动能力差。事实上,根据疾病控制和防治中心的调查,90% 以上的美国生殖实验室1999年就向大众推出了此项技术,尽管基因专家警告说该技术会导致大量染色体畸形。

But ICSI is not enough to help all his patients. There are 100 million men who don't produce any sperm,and genetic7 reprogramming is the sole solution,he says. "Genetic reprogramming。"he emphasizes. "Not cloning. Cloning is a hollywood-style term. It makes you think that you'll get a series of identical individuals. That's idiocy9. "Even if most of the clone's DNA10 comes from the donated nucleus,he argues,the oocyte still contributes a small percentage of genes11 from the mitochondria,meaning that cloning to produce two identical individuals is impossible.

   但是细胞质内精子注射技术不可能对所有病人都有裨益。他说,大约有1亿男性没有精子,基因重组是惟一的解决方案。安蒂诺里强调:"基因重组不是克隆,克隆是好莱坞的用词,它使人认为你会得到一系列完全相同的自己,真是白痴!"即使大多数克隆的DNA来自捐献的细胞核,但是母细胞的屏障也会从线粒体中释放出一小部分基因,也就是说,通过克隆生产相同的两个个体是不可能的。

he world glimpsed Antinori's flamboyance12 last August,when he,along with other would-be cloners,including Panayiotis Zavos and Brigitte Boisselier,took on the medical establishment at a colloquium13 organized by the National Academy of Sciences(NAS)in Washington,D. C. Most animal clones die before delivery or suffer from severe birth defects. Top experts,including the creator of Dolly the sheep,Ian Wilmut of the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh,Scotland,revealed that human clones could meet the same fate. Antinori and the other proponents14 were un-fazed by such warnings. He dismissed the Dolly studies as"veterinary animal work. "

Antinori's determination to clone threatens his current livelihood15. In September he was expelled from A PART,an international association of private fertility clinics of which he was once vice16 president;the reason,in part,was his"disreputable 

    去年8月,在华盛顿特区由美国科学院召开的医学研讨会上,全世界都看到了安蒂诺里和其他包括潘纳伊奥蒂斯·扎沃斯和布丽吉特·布瓦瑟利耶在内未来的克隆专家们的光彩,当时他们迎战了整个医学界。多数克隆动物在生下来前就死了,有的生下来后带有严重的生育缺陷。苏格兰爱丁堡罗斯林学院的"多莉"之父伊恩·威尔穆特以及一些顶尖专家透露:人类克隆会和动物克隆一样有着同样的命运。然而安蒂诺里和其他支持者对此警告不以为然,他蔑视多莉研究?";兽医的工作"。

安蒂诺里坚持克隆人的决心已危及到他目前的生计。9月份,他被A PART协会开除,这是一个他曾任副主席的国际私人生殖诊所协会,被开除的原因就是"他臭名昭著的克隆人的做法"。意大利医学协会称如他再推行克隆计划,协会将吊销他的营业执照。

Still,Antinori is not about to abandon reproductive cloning:about 600 infertile couples in Italy and more than06,00in the U. S. have already signed up for the procedure,he says. And the media buzz has so far helped his daily practice. "He is expensive,but we came here because they say he's the best,"explains a patient waiting anxiously while his wife undergoes an IVF procedure. The human imperative17 to procreate is sure to keep Antinori's waiting room filled--and cloned babies on the agenda.

安蒂诺里仍然不会放弃生殖克隆计划,他说,意大利有600对、而美国有6000多对不孕夫妇已与他签订了克隆合同,媒体的流言也帮了大忙。"他收费很贵,但是我们来这里是因为人们说他是最好的。"一位妻子在接受体外授精而焦急等待的病人如是说。人类想生儿育女的渴求肯定会使安蒂诺里的候诊室挤得满满的,自然也会将克隆婴儿提上日程。英语文摘李瑞青摘译自Scientific American




点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 infertile u71xE     
adj.不孕的;不肥沃的,贫瘠的
参考例句:
  • Plants can't grow well in the infertile land.在贫瘠的土地上庄稼长不好。
  • Nobody is willing to till this infertile land.这块薄田没有人愿意耕种。
2 fascination FlHxO     
n.令人着迷的事物,魅力,迷恋
参考例句:
  • He had a deep fascination with all forms of transport.他对所有的运输工具都很着迷。
  • His letters have been a source of fascination to a wide audience.广大观众一直迷恋于他的来信。
3 oversaw 1175bee226edb4f0a38466d02f3baa27     
v.监督,监视( oversee的过去式 )
参考例句:
  • He will go down as the president who oversaw two historic transitions. 他将作为见证了巴西两次历史性转变的总统,安然引退。 来自互联网
  • Dixon oversaw the project as creative director of Design Research Studio. 狄克逊监督项目的创意总监设计研究工作室。 来自互联网
4 sperm jFOzO     
n.精子,精液
参考例句:
  • Only one sperm fertilises an egg.只有一个精子使卵子受精。
  • In human reproduction,one female egg is usually fertilized by one sperm.在人体生殖过程中,一个精子使一个卵子受精。
5 embryonic 58EyK     
adj.胚胎的
参考例句:
  • It is still in an embryonic stage.它还处于萌芽阶段。
  • The plan,as yet,only exists in embryonic form.这个计划迄今为止还只是在酝酿之中。
6 judicial c3fxD     
adj.司法的,法庭的,审判的,明断的,公正的
参考例句:
  • He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。
  • Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。
7 genetic PgIxp     
adj.遗传的,遗传学的
参考例句:
  • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
8 chromosomal 13a3145acf874e52d34a5554025f79c6     
adj.染色体的
参考例句:
  • Like mRNA, both tRNA and rRNA are transcripts of chromosomal DNA. tRNA及rRNA同mRNA一样,都是染色体DNA的转录产物。 来自辞典例句
  • In mammalian species, a variety of chromosomal rearrangements are known to exist. 在哺乳类的物种中,已知有许多类型的染色体内部重新排列。 来自辞典例句
9 idiocy 4cmzf     
n.愚蠢
参考例句:
  • Stealing a car and then driving it drunk was the ultimate idiocy.偷了车然后醉酒开车真是愚蠢到极点。
  • In this war there is an idiocy without bounds.这次战争疯癫得没底。
10 DNA 4u3z1l     
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
参考例句:
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
11 genes 01914f8eac35d7e14afa065217edd8c0     
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因,所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
12 flamboyance njpxl     
n.火红;艳丽;炫耀
参考例句:
  • She allows herself no flamboyance in her clothes. 她不穿华丽的衣服。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • His flamboyance earned him instant media attention. 他的浮夸招摇立即引起了舆论界的注意。 来自辞典例句
13 colloquium QbEyG     
n.学术讨论会
参考例句:
  • He was not willing to attend the colloquium.他不愿参加这个学术讨论会。
  • The doctor collectivity that attends colloquium stands up,applause ardently.参加讨论会的医生全体起立,热烈鼓掌。
14 proponents 984ded1baa85fedd6467626f41d14aff     
n.(某事业、理论等的)支持者,拥护者( proponent的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Reviewing courts were among the most active proponents of hybrid rulemaking procedures. 复审法院是最积极的混合型规则制定程序的建议者。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
  • Proponents of such opinions were arrested as 'traitors. ' 提倡这种主张的人马上作为“卖国贼”逮捕起来。 来自辞典例句
15 livelihood sppzWF     
n.生计,谋生之道
参考例句:
  • Appropriate arrangements will be made for their work and livelihood.他们的工作和生活会得到妥善安排。
  • My father gained a bare livelihood of family by his own hands.父亲靠自己的双手勉强维持家计。
16 vice NU0zQ     
n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的
参考例句:
  • He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
  • They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。
17 imperative BcdzC     
n.命令,需要;规则;祈使语气;adj.强制的;紧急的
参考例句:
  • He always speaks in an imperative tone of voice.他老是用命令的口吻讲话。
  • The events of the past few days make it imperative for her to act.过去这几天发生的事迫使她不得不立即行动。
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