新疗法可减少癌症治疗中干细胞损耗
文章来源:未知 文章作者:meng 发布时间:2010-09-06 05:55 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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Biologists at the University of California, San Diego have discovered that a gene1 critical for programmed cell death is also important in the loss of adult stem cells, a finding that could help to improve the health and well-being2 of patients undergoing cancer treatment. "During chemotherapy(化学疗法) or radiation therapy that kills cancer cells by inducing(引起) significant DNA3 damage in their genomes, one of the main side effects for human cancer patients is the depletion4(消耗,损耗) of their own adult stem cells, particularly the ones responsible for making new blood and intestine5(肠) cells. So these patients become anemic(贫血的) , lose appetite and a lot of weight," said Yang Xu, a professor of biology at UC San Diego who headed the team that published its findings in this week's advance online issue of the journal Nature Cell Biology. "If we can prevent the loss of stem cells during cancer therapy, that would be very beneficial for these patients."

Scientists have long known that when normal cells accumulate significant amount of DNA damage, such as during cancer therapy, the tumor6 suppressor p53 is activated7, which leads cells to stop dividing, go into hibernation8(冬眠) and undergo a programmed cell death called apoptosis(细胞凋亡) . They've also known that a gene called Puma9, an acronym10(首字母缩略词) for "p53-unregulated modulator11 of apoptosis," is critical for p53 to initiate12 the cell death of DNA-damaged cells.

Using genetically13 modified mice with persistently14 activated p53, Xu and his colleagues discovered that, once activated, p53 depletes15 various adult stem cells, including the ones that are responsible for generating new blood and intestine cells. In addition, Puma is critical for this p53-dependent depletion of various adult stem cells.

"Since p53 is a critical tumor suppressor, you cannot suppress p53 to prevent the depletion of adult stem cells since it will induce cancer," said Xu. "But you can target Puma to prevent p53-mediated depletion of adult stem cells, because a Puma deficiency does not promote the development of cancer. This gives us a nice target for preventing the p53-dependent depletion of adult stem cells in response to DNA damage. If you can suppress Puma function, you can rescue a lot of the adult stem cells that would otherwise be lost after the accumulation of DNA damage such as during cancer therapy."



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1 gene WgKxx     
n.遗传因子,基因
参考例句:
  • A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
  • The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。
2 well-being Fe3zbn     
n.安康,安乐,幸福
参考例句:
  • He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
  • My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福,却被误解为多管闲事。
3 DNA 4u3z1l     
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
参考例句:
  • DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。
4 depletion qmcz2     
n.耗尽,枯竭
参考例句:
  • Increased consumption of water has led to rapid depletion of groundwater reserves.用水量的增加导致了地下水贮备迅速枯竭。
  • Farmers should rotate crops every season to prevent depletion of the soil.农夫每季应该要轮耕,以免耗尽土壤。
5 intestine rbpzY     
adj.内部的;国内的;n.肠
参考例句:
  • This vitamin is absorbed through the walls of the small intestine.这种维生素通过小肠壁被吸收。
  • The service productivity is the function,including external efficiency,intestine efficiency and capacity efficiency.服务业的生产率是一个包含有外部效率、内部效率和能力效率的函数。
6 tumor fKxzm     
n.(肿)瘤,肿块(英)tumour
参考例句:
  • He was died of a malignant tumor.他死于恶性肿瘤。
  • The surgeons irradiated the tumor.外科医生用X射线照射那个肿瘤。
7 activated c3905c37f4127686d512a7665206852e     
adj. 激活的 动词activate的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • The canister is filled with activated charcoal.蒸气回收罐中充满了活性炭。
8 hibernation cdjxK     
n.冬眠
参考例句:
  • Bears wake up in the spring after a winter of hibernation.熊经过一个冬天的冬眠后在春季苏醒。
  • The tortoise spends the winter months in hibernation.乌龟在冬眠中度过寒冬季节。
9 puma Tk1zhP     
美洲豹
参考例句:
  • The police and the volunteers combed the forest for the lost puma from the zoo.警察和志愿者们在森林里到处寻找动物园迷失的美洲狮。
  • A businessman on a fishing trip saw the puma up a tree.一位商人去钓鱼,看见那只美洲狮在树上。
10 acronym Ny8zN     
n.首字母简略词,简称
参考例句:
  • That's a mouthful of an acronym for a very simple technology.对于一项非常简单的技术来说,这是一个很绕口的缩写词。
  • TSDF is an acronym for Treatment, Storage and Disposal Facilities.TSDF是处理,储存和处置设施的一个缩写。
11 modulator 1ad02cbc8e66bf02234f25a8b23992ff     
调节器; 调制器
参考例句:
  • Conclusion: AbE is potentially a biological response modulator for hemopoietic and immuno-regulstion. 结论:AbE有可能成为一种能改善造血与免疫功能的生物反应调节剂。
  • Objective To synthesize raloxifene hydrochloride, which is a selective estrogen receptor modulator. 目的合成选择性雌激素受体调节剂盐酸雷洛昔芬。
12 initiate z6hxz     
vt.开始,创始,发动;启蒙,使入门;引入
参考例句:
  • A language teacher should initiate pupils into the elements of grammar.语言老师应该把基本语法教给学生。
  • They wanted to initiate a discussion on economics.他们想启动一次经济学讨论。
13 genetically Lgixo     
adv.遗传上
参考例句:
  • All the bees in the colony are genetically related. 同一群体的蜜蜂都有亲缘关系。
  • Genetically modified foods have already arrived on American dinner tables. 经基因改造加工过的食物已端上了美国人的餐桌。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 基因与食物
14 persistently MlzztP     
ad.坚持地;固执地
参考例句:
  • He persistently asserted his right to a share in the heritage. 他始终声称他有分享那笔遗产的权利。
  • She persistently asserted her opinions. 她果断地说出了自己的意见。
15 depletes 03e466afb0610e2f83b6d28a055c56aa     
使大大的减少,使空虚( deplete的第三人称单数 ); 耗尽,使枯竭
参考例句:
  • Stress depletes both energy and motivation. 压力不仅消耗体力而且让你丧失动力。
  • Scientists refute a longstanding theory of how HIV slowly depletes the body's capacity to fight infection. 科学家驳倒一个爱滋病毒如何慢慢地耗尽身体容量对抗感染的长时间理论。
TAG标签: health stem gene cell
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