2006中考英语作文面面观-命题作文
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2007-03-31 03:13 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
上一讲,我们学习了提示性作文的写作方法。(请参考-2006中考英语作文面面观-提示作文)本讲我们来学习命题作文的写作方法。

  命题作文就是我们依据所给题目,确定中心,选择材料,写出符合题意,内容表达具体、充分的文章。
  
  
写命题作文通常要注意以下几点:
  一、审准题目:文章的中心要对题目的分析来确定,一定要弄清主题的内涵,确立与文章联系的主题思想,表达不能游离于主题,否则即使内容再精彩,也是"跑题"作文,得分将会大打折扣,因此,写命题作文最重要的是先审清题目,确立要表现的中心。
  二、构思结构:就是开放思路,启动联想,构想表现形式,勾勒出文章的结构层次,依次写出引言段,主题句,发展段和结尾句,努力使之新颖,别致。
  三、选择材料:这一点很重要,一定要围绕想表现的中心去选择组织材料,所选的材料必须典型精要。
  四、表达:就是用最确切明了的语言贯穿材料,表达自己的思想,力争用符合英语语法规则。英语表达习惯,最顺畅自然的词,句,段去表达中心思想,与表现中心无关的话即使再生动形象也不要去写。就写作的目的表现形式来看,命题作文分为三种形式:1、记叙文类;2、说明文类; 3、议论文类。

  
下面就谈一谈记叙文的写作

  记叙文就是以记叙人物的经历或事物发展变化过程为主的一种文章。在初中写作训练中,记叙文是最基本,最常见,最重要的书面表达形式。记叙文有"六要素"即指"时间,地点,人物和事件的起因,经过和结果"。一篇记叙文只要把这些要素写清楚,文章就会内容具体, 眉目清晰,中心意思明确。一般情况下,这六要素中的人物,时间,地点作为开端,要写在文章的开头。事件,原因常作为记叙文的段落发展,又称为文章的主体部分,应该放在文章的中间。结果作为记叙文的结局常放在文章的末尾处。
   记叙文从写作的线索上来看,有三种表现形式:
  1、以人物为主,围绕人物组织材料。
  2、以事物为中心,围绕事件组织材料或围绕事件写人。
  3、以写景状物,描写为主。

  写好记叙文应注意以下几点:
  1、明确写作目的:写文章的目的就是确切表达一个中心思想,文章的一切内容应自始自终地为展开中心服务。
  2、选择细节材料:选择好的细节材料就是为了更好地表现主题,所选择的材料要有代表性,典型性。写作内容要详略得当,主要情节应详细写,次要内容要简略或概述。
1)关于写人物,一般要把某人的年龄,外貌和性格特征,人物行为,心理活动等方面简要概括出来。同时要略加点评或感想。
  2)关于写事件,事件是记叙的核心,往往有它的起因,经过和结局。写事件要比较详细地交代事情的来龙去脉,同时要重点突出,表达精练,防止渲染。
  3、恰当的选择写作方法:记叙文的写作方法就是指写作的顺序,文章先写什么,后写什么都要有一定顺序。

  中考经典展示:

  (1) 以My Mother为题写一篇短文。(2003扬州)
   内容要点:1.我的妈妈是护士,工作努力。2.上个月去北京,抗击SARS (fight against)。3.一个月没有回来。4.保护我们免受侵害。5.我爱妈妈,为妈妈自豪。
  标题已给出,要求1.写清时间 2.要点要完整 3.可适当增加内容 4.字数在60个词左右
   (2)班会上,老师要求每位同学用英语介绍自己的一位朋友,请你根据所提供的要点为题写一篇短文。(2003南京)
  要点:1. Who is he / she。2. When and where did1 you get to know him / her。3. Why do you like him / her。
注意:1.文章的开头和结尾已给出(不计入词数) 2.词数60-80,须包括以上要点,可适当增加细节使短文意思通畅。3.条理清楚,语意连贯,句式规范,字迹工整。4.文中不得出现真实的人名。校名等相关信息。

  
写作实践范例
  以"My Chinese Teacher"为标题写一篇字数为80-100之间的英语短文。提示内容如下:
  1、孙老师今年36岁,中等身材。
  2、她关心。热爱学生,工作认真负责。
  3、她语文课讲得生动。有趣。
My Chinese Teacher

Of all the subjects, I like Chinese best because I have a good Chinese teacher. Though2 she has been teaching3 us for only three years, I respect4 and love her very much.

My Chinese teacher is thirty-six years old and she is neither5 tall nor6 short.
  
Ms Sun works7 very hard. She is always the first to come and the last to leave her office. She tries to make her classes lively8 and interesting. And we enjoy her lessons very much.

Ms Sun is very kind and friendly9 to us. And we're getting on well with each other. But she is very strict10 with us in our studies.

Ms Sun teaches us so well that we all enjoy learning11 Chinese. All the students think she is one of the most popular12 teachers in our school.

新题导练

  请以"My Classmate"为标题写一篇记叙文
  要求:1、主题明确。语言流畅。思路清晰。 2、字数在100字以内。

  思路点拨
  写记叙文要按照事物发展的客观规律叙述,所叙述的内容要交代清楚,条理清晰,重点突出,主次分明,详略得当。

  这篇文章也是记叙文,主人公应该用第三人称,时态以一般过去时为主。本文以主人公为中心线索,以一、两件事件为重点内容去组织材料,反映主人公的形象特征。整个内容情节要合情合理,有真实感,叙述时可按事情发展的顺序进行,同时加以点评。
参考范文
  My Classmate
  Liu Kai is my classmate. He is a good student and always ready to help others13.
  One day on his way to school, he saw14 a little girl crossing the road. A car was15 coming towards16 her quickly and the girl was too frightened17 to move. The car nearly18 hit her. Just then LiuKai rushed19 up to her and caught her by the arm. The little girl was saved20. She told him where she lived, and he took21 her home. When LiuKai hurried into the classroom, the teacher had22 already23 begun his lesson. He told the teacher why he was late. He was then praised24 for what he had done.



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 did SvwxP     
v.动词do的过去式
参考例句:
  • How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球?
  • Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢?
2 though lIRzS     
conj.虽然,尽管;即使;可是,不过,然而;adv.可是,不过,然而
参考例句:
  • It's quite pleasant today,though the wind is rather cool.尽管风有点凉,今天天气还是很不错的。
  • I will have a try even though I should fail.哪怕失败,我也要试一下。
3 teaching ngEziT     
n.教学,执教,任教,讲授;(复数)教诲
参考例句:
  • We all agree in adopting the new teaching method. 我们一致同意采取新的教学方法。
  • He created a new system of teaching foreign languages.他创造了一种新的外语教学体系。
4 respect zWFxc     
vt.尊敬,尊重;考虑,重视;n.(不可数)尊敬,尊重;敬意,问候;考虑,重视
参考例句:
  • The new teacher soon won the respect of his students.这位新来的老师很快就赢得了学生们的尊重。
  • He did it quite without respect to the result.他做这事一点也不考虑后果。
5 neither nRTzG     
adj.皆不,两不;int.两者都不;conj.既非,既不
参考例句:
  • I don't know that neither.那个我也不知道。
  • He doesn't smoke neither does he drink.他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
6 nor 0Hixj     
conj./adv.也不,也没有
参考例句:
  • It is neither hot nor cold in winter here.这里冬天既不热也不冷。
  • She can't get there at four,nor can I.她不能在四点钟到那里,我也不能。
7 works ieuzIh     
n.作品,著作;工厂,活动部件,机件
参考例句:
  • We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
  • The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。
8 lively Z0Bx3     
adj.充满活力的;活泼的;充满趣味的;adv.轻快地,富有活力地;轻快地跳起
参考例句:
  • The lesson is very lively.这节课很生动。
  • He may be eighty,but he is still lively.他可能已有80岁,但是仍然充满朝气。
9 friendly WhVxz     
adj.友好的,和气的
参考例句:
  • He's not friendly to others.他对别人不友好。
  • People here are very friendly.这儿的人很友好。
10 strict itbwe     
adj.严格的;严厉的,绝对的,详尽的;精确的
参考例句:
  • We must be strict in our work.我们必须严于职守。
  • She is a strict teacher.她是个严格的教师。
11 learning wpSzFe     
n.学问,学识,学习;动词learn的现在分词
参考例句:
  • When you are learning to ride a bicycle,you often fall off.初学骑自行车时,常会从车上掉下来。
  • Learning languages isn't just a matter of remembering words.学习语言不仅仅是记些单词的事。
12 popular XOaxT     
adj.受欢迎的;流行的;通俗的
参考例句:
  • " Mary " is a very popular name for a girl.“ 玛丽 ”是个很常见的女孩名字。
  • He likes to play football and to sing popular songs.他喜欢踢足球和唱流行歌曲。
13 others mmczaZ     
prep.(pl.)另外的人
参考例句:
  • Learning from others is important.向别人学习很重要。
  • She is always ready to help others.她总是乐于助人。
14 saw ts3yA     
vbl.看见(see的过去式);n.锯;v.用锯子锯
参考例句:
  • Would you like to saw a tree for me?你能为我锯棵树吗?
  • The moment I saw you,I knew you were angry with me.我一看到你,就知道你在生我的气。
15 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
16 towards AnSwe     
prep.朝,向,致力于,有助于,对于;大约,将近
参考例句:
  • The house will be ready towards the end of the year.这房子在年底以前可以造好。
  • He is friendly towards me.他对我友好。
17 frightened 8sfz8Y     
adj.受惊的,受恐吓的
参考例句:
  • I was frightened of him when I saw him first.我第一次见他时怕他。
  • You frightened me to death,staying out all night!你整夜不回家,把我急死了!
18 nearly 5Gtxq     
adv.将近,几乎,差不多
参考例句:
  • I nearly missed the bus.我险些错过了公交车。
  • It is nearly two years since I came here.我来这儿快两年了。
19 rushed f7ac5b8168a9ab5a7cad2471ad28fcc9     
adj.匆忙的,贸然的v.(使)急速行进,仓促完成( rush的过去式和过去分词 );突袭;(使)仓促行事;催促
参考例句:
  • She rushed downstairs and burst into the kitchen. 她冲下楼闯进厨房。
  • This solution is a fudge rushed in to win cheers at the party conference. 这个解决方案是为了赢得党的会议的赞誉而仓促搞出来的表面文章。
20 saved 536a056b710e94b16169efd17a4a657b     
v.拯救( save的过去式和过去分词 );收集;保留;避免
参考例句:
  • They scrimped and saved to give the children a good education. 他们省吃俭用,为的是攒钱让孩子受到良好的教育。
  • She had saved a few titbits for her cat. 她给猫留了点好吃的东西。
21 took indwq     
vt.带,载(take的过去式)
参考例句:
  • I took my dog for a walk along the river.我带着狗沿那条河散步。
  • It took me about two hours to cook the meat.我花了大约两个小时来煮这些肉。
22 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
参考例句:
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
23 already wLByk     
adv.已经
参考例句:
  • We have eaten already.我们已经吃过了。
  • I've been there already,so I don't want to go again.我早已去过那里了,所以我不想再去了。
24 praised 3af965b2d387fae9b42c2299ada249a1     
v.称赞( praise的过去式和过去分词 );赞美;颂扬;崇拜
参考例句:
  • He was magnanimous in defeat and praised his opponent's skill. 他对失败表现得很洒脱,并且赞扬了对手的才能。
  • He was praised for his neat and careful work. 他因工作认真、利索而受到赞扬。 来自《简明英汉词典》
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