初中英语词汇语法第四十五讲 状语从句
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

一:什么是状语从句?
  用一个句子(从句)来作另一个句子(主句)的状语,用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如:条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。

二:状语从句的分类。

1. 时间状语从句用法要点。
  凡是从句都必须有引导词,引导时间状语从句的词有 when, before, after, until1, as2 soon as, while3 等,具体用法如下:
  1. when 意为“当……时”,引导时间状语从句,表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。例如:
  I feel very happy when you come to see me. 你(们)来看我时,我感到很高兴。
  When you are crossing the street, you must be careful. 你(们)过街道时,一定要小心。
  when引导的时间状语从句,when的从句可以用延续性动词,也可以用点动词。eg.
  He was4 working at the table when I went in. 当我进去的时候,他正在桌旁工作。
  Someone5 knocked6 at the door when I was sleeping. 当我正在睡觉时,有人敲门。
  I will visit my good friend when I have time. 当我有空儿时,我将去看望我的好友。
  I worked for a foreign7 company8 when I was in Shanghai. 当我在上海时,我为一家外国企业工作。
  注:when也可以作并列连词,表示一个动词正在进行的时候,突然间发生了另外一件事。eg.
  I was fishing9 by the river , when someone called for help.
  我正在河边钓鱼,就在那时有人求救。
  We were working in the chemistry10 lab11, when the lights went out.
  我们正在化学实验室工作,突然灯都熄灭了。

  2. before 意为“在……之前”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。例如:
  We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天离开学校之前,我们打扫了教室。
  He had12 been a cook before he went to college13 . 他上大学前曾当过厨师。
  after 意为“在……之后”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如:
  After you use plastic14 bags, you mustn't throw them about. 你(们)用过了塑料袋之后,不准到处乱扔。
  He called me after he had finished15 his work. 他在工作完之后给我打了个电话。
  注:若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近,那么也可以不用完成时态,例如上面的第二句可改成:He called me after he finished his work.
  3. since16引导的时间状语从句,译为“自从……”,主句常用现在完成时,从句常用一般过去时。eg.
  We have made17 many dumplings18 since we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭起,我们已经包了许多饺子了。
  We haven't seen19 each other since we parted20 . 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。
  注:常用句型:It is +时间段+since从句   译为:自从……有多长时间了。eg.
  It is six years since she graduated21 from the university22. 自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了。

  4. until 意为“直到……时”,引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时,主句常用肯定形式;当主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词时,从句常用否定形式, not... until... 意为“直到……才……”,这时的until可以用before 来替换。例如:
  I'll stay here until you come back. 我会呆在这里,直到你回来。(stay表示的动作可以持续)
  He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续)
  5. as soon as 意为“一……就……”,表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作马上就发生。例如:
  I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就告诉他这件事。
  6. while引导的时间状语从句,常译为“与……同时,在……期间”,while的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。eg.
  They rushed24 in while we were discussing25 problems26. 当我们正在讨论问题时,他们冲了进来。
  Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电子游戏时,爸爸正在清洗汽车。
  注:while也可以作并列连词,表转折的关系,相当于but,译为“然而”。eg.
  I like listening to music, while my brother likes doing sports. 我喜欢听音乐,而我的兄弟爱好运动。
  7. till27until引导的时间状语从句,译为“直到……为止”,not … till / until引导的时间状语从句,译为“直到……才”。前者强调主句动作的结束,用延续性动词,后者强调主句动作的开始,用点动词。eg.
  I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友来。
  We won't start our discussion28 until / till he comes.
我们要等到他来了,再开始我们的讨论。

2. 条件状语从句用法要点。
  我们主要看一下由if引导的条件状语从句。if 意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句时,表示假如有从句的动作发生就(不)会有主句的动作发生。例如:
  If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨,我们就骑自行车去那里。
  If I get there early, I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里,我就可以快点看病。

3. 地点状语从句用法要点。
  常用where(哪里)和wherever29(无论哪里)eg.
  Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者,事竟成。
  We will go wherever the motherland30 need us most. 我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。

4. 原因状语从句用法要点。
  常用的引导连词有because, assince。三者的区别是:在回答问题的时候,使用because;对于显而易见的原因,常用as或since;as和since的从句常放在主句之前,而because的从句常放在主句之后。eg.
  Why did23 you go?  I went because Tom told me to go. 你为何去?那是因为汤姆叫我去。
  He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise.
他很生气不是因为我们来迟了,而是因为我们弄出了声音。
  As it was raining hard, we had to be indoors31. 由于雨太大,我们只好呆在家里。
Since you feel ill, you'd better not go to work. 既然你感觉不舒服,你最好不要去上班了。
 
5. 目的状语从句用法要点。
  常用的引导连词有so that, thatin order32 that译为:以便,为了,目的是。eg.
  Please speak more slowly33 so that we can make full notes. 请讲慢一点,以便我们能作详细笔记。
  I shall34 write down your address that I may not forget. 我要把你的地址记下来,以免忘记。
  I sent the letter by air mail35 in order that it might36 reach37 him in time. 这封信我以航空信发出,以便他能及时收到。
  注:目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语eg.
  We work harder than usual  finish it in a week.  我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一周内完成工作。

三:主句与从句时态一致的问题。
  在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列两种情况:
  1. 若主句是祈使句,或主句中有情态动词,或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时,那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如:
  Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。
  Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果你们有问题要问的话,请举手。
  The traffic38 must stop when the lights are red. 红灯亮时,车辆必须停下。
  2. 若主从句谓语动词都是陈述过去,那么主从句都可以用一般过去时。例如:
  She could39 sing when she was four years old. 她四岁的时候就会唱歌。

 



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 until cjnw3     
prep.直到...为止;conj.直到...时才...
参考例句:
  • He arrived home until midnight.他直到半夜才到家。
  • She didn't sleep until midnight.她直到半夜才睡。
2 as pNiyL     
conj.按照;如同
参考例句:
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
3 while IeZz7W     
conj.当…的时候;而;虽然;尽管 n.一会儿
参考例句:
  • In a short while,the cat ate up the fish.不久,那只猫便将鱼吃个精光。
  • He teaches English in the school all the while.他一直在这所学校里教英语。
4 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
5 someone Cwvw3     
pron.某人,有人
参考例句:
  • I can hear someone knocking.我听到有人敲门。
  • Someone wants to see her.有人找她。
6 knocked 7884b43601e8db30d1a7eed0ef693611     
v.敲,击,打( knock的过去式和过去分词 );(心)怦怦跳;把…撞击成(某种状态);批评
参考例句:
  • His glasses had been knocked askew by the blow. 他的眼镜一下子被打歪了。
  • He knocked three times and waited. 他敲了三下门就等着。
7 foreign AiVxr     
adj.外国的;在外国的;来自外国的
参考例句:
  • Are you interested in foreign languages? 你对外语感兴趣吗?
  • To welcome our foreign friends. 欢迎我们的外国朋友。
8 company gX4yf     
n.公司
参考例句:
  • Is this your company?这是你的公司吗?
  • Which company was that?那是哪家公司?
9 fishing OtgzZf     
n.捕鱼;钓鱼,鱼业;adj.钓鱼的
参考例句:
  • We are interested in fishing.我们对钓鱼感兴趣。
  • Let's go fishing today.我们今天去钓鱼吧。
10 chemistry tU8yU     
n.化学,化学作用
参考例句:
  • He is reading a text in chemistry.他在看化学教科书。
  • Her major subject is chemistry.她的主修科是化学。
11 lab U2Yxf     
n.实验室
参考例句:
  • Who is in the lab this morning?今天早上谁在实验室?
  • We usually have Science in the science lab.我们通常在科学实验室里上科学课。
12 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
参考例句:
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
13 college BqrzH     
n.学院;高等专科学校
参考例句:
  • The college drama society is going to put on a play.大学戏剧协会正准备上演一个剧目。
  • I was hot on playing basketball when I was in college.我上大学时热衷于打篮球。
14 plastic TO8xx     
n.塑料;adj.塑料的
参考例句:
  • This ruler is made of plastic.尺子是塑料做的。
  • Where is the plastic cup?塑料杯放哪儿了?
15 finished otFzWn     
adj.完成的,精湛的;v.动词finish的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • We finished up everything there was on the table. 我们把桌上的东西全吃完了。
  • We can certainly have the job finished on time.我们肯定能按时完成任务。
16 since syswX     
adv.后来;conj.既然,因为,自从;prep.自从
参考例句:
  • He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后,他就一直在一家银行工作。
  • I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。
17 made hAgx2     
v.make的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • They were not made in china.它们不是中国制造的。
  • The monkey made a long arm for the peach.猴子伸臂去摘桃子。
18 dumplings 155a0788c068cb4e6d2463bd6285a4a4     
n.汤团( dumpling的名词复数 );饺子;水果布丁;矮胖的人
参考例句:
  • chicken with herb dumplings 芳草鸡肉饺子
  • beef stew and dumplings 牛肉炖丸子
19 seen ujyzZX     
vbl.(see的过去分词)看见
参考例句:
  • Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后,就没有见过他了。
  • I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。
20 parted 401c12ee643c1779171f709b8007fb48     
adj.分开的
参考例句:
  • Her lips parted in a soundless scream. 她张开嘴想喊,但喊不出声来。
  • She refused to be parted from her beloved cat. 她拒绝和她心爱的猫分开。 来自《简明英汉词典》
21 graduated Wrmzxm     
a.(税)累进的;分等级的;刻度的;毕业的
参考例句:
  • He graduated cum laude. 他以优等成绩毕业。
  • He graduated with a GPA of 3.8. 他毕业时各科成绩的平均积分点为3.8。
22 university TktwV     
n.大学
参考例句:
  • She teaches English at the University of Wales.她在威尔士大学教英语。
  • I'm going to enter a university.我要上大学。
23 did SvwxP     
v.动词do的过去式
参考例句:
  • How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球?
  • Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢?
24 rushed f7ac5b8168a9ab5a7cad2471ad28fcc9     
adj.匆忙的,贸然的v.(使)急速行进,仓促完成( rush的过去式和过去分词 );突袭;(使)仓促行事;催促
参考例句:
  • She rushed downstairs and burst into the kitchen. 她冲下楼闯进厨房。
  • This solution is a fudge rushed in to win cheers at the party conference. 这个解决方案是为了赢得党的会议的赞誉而仓促搞出来的表面文章。
25 discussing 0eb0205003a1997fcdd4c8e58953f923     
v.谈论( discuss的现在分词 );讨论;商量;论述
参考例句:
  • Boys are often more inhibited than girls about discussing their problems. 男孩子往往不如女孩子敢于谈论自己的问题。
  • We spent the whole evening discussing domestic trivia. 我们整个晚上谈论家庭琐事。
26 problems 8d8a1b73876ca678cc3afa372e5199de     
n.问题( problem的名词复数 );疑难问题;习题;思考题
参考例句:
  • It was an action replay of the problems of his first marriage. 这是他第一次婚姻问题的重演。
  • a few admin problems 一些行政问题
27 till dovwL     
conj.直到(...为止);n.(账台中)放钱的抽屉;prep.直到;pron.直到...为止,直到;vt.耕种
参考例句:
  • It was not till 11 o'clock that he came back last night.昨晚直到11点他才回来。
  • You can come to my house till all hours.你多晚来我家都没关系。
28 discussion 2PBzj     
n.讨论,谈论;论述
参考例句:
  • It is certain he will come to the discussion.他肯定会来参加讨论。
  • After months of discussion,a peace agreement is gradually taking shape.经过几个月的商讨,和平协议渐渐有了眉目。
29 wherever Yg7wC     
adv.(究竟)在哪里;conj.无论什么地方,各处,处处
参考例句:
  • She used to follow after him wherever he went.以前,他走到哪里,她总是跟到哪里。
  • The foolish boy was laughed at wherever he went.这个愚蠢的男孩不论走到哪里都受到讥笑。
30 motherland SnQzjG     
n.祖国
参考例句:
  • We have the duty to defend our motherland.我们有责任保卫祖国。
  • We love our great motherland.我们热爱我们伟大的祖国。
31 indoors q7Mxv     
adv.(在)室内,(在)户内
参考例句:
  • Because of the coldness of the weather we stayed indoors.我们因天气寒冷呆在家里。
  • It is very cold outside,you'd better come indoors across the board.外面很冷,你们所有人最好都进屋。
32 order iJJxt     
n.订单;命令;n.顺序,整齐;勋章;阶级,决议;vt.命令; 调整;定购
参考例句:
  • His desk is always in order.他的书桌上总是整整齐齐的。
  • You pay for it at the time you order it.订购时就得付款。
33 slowly Qx4wE     
adv.慢地,缓慢地
参考例句:
  • Speak more slowly,please.请说慢一点。
  • Do it slowly and carefully.要慢慢仔细地做。
34 shall lzFwQ     
v.aux.(主要用于第一人称)将
参考例句:
  • I shall always love you.我将永远爱你。
  • Which club shall we join?我们要参加哪个社团?
35 mail rAbxG     
n.邮件;v.邮寄
参考例句:
  • He has a large amount of mail to answer every day.他每天有大量的信件要回复。
  • Please forward my mail to me.请把我的邮件转寄给我。
36 might BDmxl     
aux./v.(may的过去式)可能;可以,允许
参考例句:
  • It looks as if it might snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
  • Might I ask a question?我能问个问题吗?
37 reach 5A2z5     
n.延伸,范围,河段;vt.到达,伸出,延伸,取得联系;vi.延伸
参考例句:
  • The railway line will soon reach to our town. 铁路不久就要延伸到我们镇了。
  • Can you reach that apple down in the tree? 你能把树上那个苹果摘下来吗?
38 traffic gn1w4     
adj.交通的;n.交通;vi.交易,买卖
参考例句:
  • That will help the traffic.这会促进交通状况。
  • He had a traffic accident.他出了交通事故。
39 could lzvxe     
v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以
参考例句:
  • Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗?
  • I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
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