直接引语变间接引语注意事项：

　　引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

1. 直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that 引导。例如：
She said, "I am very happy to help you."→
She said that she was very happy to help you.

2. 直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if 引导。例如：
He asked me, "Do you like playing football?"→
He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.

注意：大多数情况下，if和whether 可以互换，但后有or not,或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。例如：
She asked me whether he could do it or not.
He hesitated¹ about whether to drive or take the train.

3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如：
My sister asked me, "How do you like the film?"→
My sister asked me how I liked the film.

4. 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order 等的宾语。例如：
The captain ordered, "Be quiet."→
The captain ordered us to be quiet.
注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。
My teacher asked me, "Don't laugh."→
My teacher asked me not to laugh.

5. 一些注意事项

(1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。例如：
They told their son,"The earth goes round the sun."→
They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.

(2)直接引语变间接引语时， 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如：this/that→ these/those, now→then, today→that day, yesterday→the day before, last year→the year before, ago→before, here→there等。例如：
He said, "I haven't seen her today."→
He said that he hadn't seen her that day.

注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。

(3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如：
He asked Lucy, "Where did you go?"→
He asked Lucy where she went.
Tom said, "What do you want, Ann?"→
Tom asked Ann what she wanted.

直接引语和间接引语例析：

1."Speak English more often in and out of class," our English teacher said to us.

Our English teacher suggested² us to speak English more often in and out of class. (误)
Our English teacher told /asked us to speak English more often in and out of class. (正)
Our English teacher suggested that we (should)speak English more often in and out of class. (正)

简析：直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据语气需要使用ask, tell, order等动词，其句型是：ask/tell/order someone to do sth.，但是suggest不能接不定式作宾补，只能接-ing形式或从句(从句用虚拟语气)作宾语。 

2."Don't play football on the street, little boys," the policeman said.

The policeman told the little boys did not play football on the street. (误)
The policeman told the little boys not to play football on the street. (正)

简析：如果直接引语是祈使句的否定式，变为间接引语时，要将其改为不定式的否定形式作宾补，不定式的否定形式是在不定式前面加not，而不是加do not, does not, did not等。

3."Would you please do me the favor³ to carry the box upstairs?" the young woman said to me.
The young woman ordered me to carry the box upstairs for her. (误)
The young woman asked me to carry the box upstairs for her.(正)

简析：直接引语是一些表示请求、建议的疑问句，变为间接引语时，也变为不定式作宾语补足语。需要注意的是应根据原句的语气选用恰当的动词。因为此处原来的疑问句用的是很客气的语气，改写后不宜用order。

4."You clean the classroom after class today, Tom," said the monitor⁴.

The monitor said that Tom cleaned the classroom after class that day.(误)

The monitor told Tom to clean the classroom after class that day. (正)

简析：一般而言，祈使句是以动词原形开头的，但是如果说话人有意强调动作执行者，也可以在句首加上主语。我们在将其变为间接引语时不能将带有主语的祈使句与陈述句混淆起来。