初中英语词汇语法第五十九讲 句子宾语
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
宾语是动作、行为的对象,是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任。

  英语的及物动词后必须有宾语。宾语一般放及物动词之后,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。

  说明,除及物动词有宾语之外,英语介词后面也要有宾语。另外,某些形容词如worth, careful等后也可有宾语。

  宾语有直接宾语和间接宾语之分。即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,这两个宾语称为"双宾语"。

  My parents bought me a computer.我父母给我买了一台电脑。(me是间接宾语,computer是直接宾语)
  She is playing the piano now.她正在弹钢琴。(名词作宾语)
  We all like him.(代词作宾语)
  Give me four.(数词作宾语)
  We all like to go to school.(不定式作宾语)
  We all like swimmming.(动名词作宾语)
  I think  he is right.(从句作宾语)
  The book is worth1 reading2.(形容词worth可有宾语)

  点击一:什么是双宾语?什么是复合宾语?

  1、英语中,有些及物动词可以接两个宾语,即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语,这两个宾语称为"双宾语"。句子结构为:"主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语"。如:

  My parents bought me a computer.我父母给我买了一台电脑。

  2、英语中有些及物动词接了宾语之后还需接宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况,否则句子意思就不完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称为"复合宾语"。句子结构为:"主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语"。能作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、动词-ing形式、动词不定式、介词短语等。如:He made3 us laugh.他使我们哈哈大笑。

  点击二:双宾语用法要点

  1、间接宾语可以改为由介词to或for引起的短语,放在直接宾语后面。如:He gave4 her some chips5. = He gave some chips to her.

  2、以下几种情况通常要用介词to或for引起的短语:

  1)当直接宾语是人称代词(it/them)时。如:This book is Mr Wang's. Please give it to him.

  2)当强调间接宾语时。如:Mother cooks meals6 for us every day.

  3)当间接宾语比直接宾语长一些时。如:On the bus, she often gives her seat7 to the old person8.

  3、由to引出间接宾语的动词有:give, show, pass, lend9, take, tell等;由for引出间接宾语的动词有:buy, make, cook, get, sing, read等。

  点击三:复合宾语用法要点

  1、常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有:keep, make, find等。如:We must keep our classroom clean.

  2、常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有:call, name, make, think等。如:We call them mooncakes.

  3、常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有:see, watch, hear, find, keep等。如:In the country, we can hear birds singing.

  4、常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有:keep, find, leave等。如:I left my pen on my desk at home.

  5、常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, tell, want, teach, wish等;接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:see, watch, hear, make, let等。如:I often see him play football.

  She often asks me to help her.

  注:help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。如:

  I often help my mother(to) do some housework.

  点击四:怎样区分"双宾语"和"复合宾语"?

  看宾语与其后面的成分之间的关系:如果宾语与其后成分之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系(或主表关系),那么该动词所接的是复合宾语,否则就是双宾语。如:Who kept you waiting so long? (宾语you与waiting之间存在着主谓关系,因此you waiting是复合宾语。)

 



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 worth lfGw0     
adj.值钱;值得,具有..价值;n.价值,作用
参考例句:
  • The book was old and it was not worth a cent.这本书旧了,一文不值。
  • This novel is worth reading. 这部小说值得一读。
2 reading YiGyU     
n.阅读,知识,读物,表演,对法律条文的解释;adj.阅读的
参考例句:
  • Children learn reading and writing at school.孩子们在学校学习阅读和写作。
  • He finds pleasure in reading.他从阅读中得到乐趣。
3 made hAgx2     
v.make的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • They were not made in china.它们不是中国制造的。
  • The monkey made a long arm for the peach.猴子伸臂去摘桃子。
4 gave YgSxz     
vbl.(give的过去式)给予,产生,发表
参考例句:
  • He asked for money and I gave him some.他要钱,我给了他一些。
  • I gave you a map so you wouldn't get lost. 我给你一张地图,这样你就不会迷路了。
5 chips mw8z7W     
n.(口语)炸土豆条(片)
参考例句:
  • Potato chips are served for the children.给儿童端上了炸薯条。
  • I'd like some potato chips.我想要些炸土豆片儿。
6 meals WoCzAW     
n.餐( meal的名词复数 );进餐时间;一餐所吃的食物;谷物粗粉(用作饲料或加工面粉)
参考例句:
  • Try not to eat between meals. 两餐之间尽量别吃东西。
  • tasty and nutritious meals 既可口又有营养的饭菜
7 seat jZyxF     
n.座,座位,位子,席位;所在地;vt.使坐下,使就座,设座于
参考例句:
  • Go back to your seat.回到你的坐位去。
  • Which seat do you prefer?你更喜欢哪个位置?
8 person QMBxI     
n.人
参考例句:
  • I would never trust in that kind of person.我绝不会相信那种人。
  • She is the very person I wanted to see.她正是我要见的人。
9 lend 917xa     
v.把…借给;借给
参考例句:
  • Would you lend me some money?能借我一些钱吗?
  • They had no reading books to lend.他们没有阅读用书可以出借。
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