初中语法解析-一般现在时
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  一、表示一般性或经常发生的动作或状态 

  1) In general [A] , newspapers emphasize current news, whereas1 [B] magazines dealt [C] more with [D] background materials. 

  2) The adult mosquito usually lives for about [A] thirty days, although [B] the life span2 varied3 [C] widely with temperature, humidity4, and other [D] factors of the environment. 

  3) Industrial buyers [A] are responsible [B] for supplying [C] the goods and services that an organization required [D] for its operations.

  二、表示习惯性动作和状态或普遍的现象或常识 

  4) It is an accepted [A] custom in west countries that [B] men removed [C] their hats when a woman enters [D] the room. 

  5) Certain layers of the atmosphere have special names .
  [A]which indicated their character properties
  [B]whose characteristic properties were indicating
  [C]what characterize5 their indicated properties
  [D]that indicate their characteristic properties

  三、表示客观事实、客观规律和客观真理。在宾语从句中,即使主句的谓语动词用了过去时,只要从句表示的是客观真理,从句的谓语动词也要用一般现在时。

  6) The teacher told them since [A] light travels faster than [B] sound, lightning appeared [C] to go before [D] thunder. 

  7) As [A] a child, I was told that [B] the planet earth, which has [C] its own satellite, the moon, moved [D] round the sun.

  四、祈使句必须用动词原形,其否定结构用“don’t+动词原形”,如:
  Go and fetch some water. / Don’t do that.

  五、在反义疑问句中,如果主句用肯定句,那么,反问句用否定形式;如果主句用否定形式,那么,反问句就用肯定形式。而且前后在时态上要一致。但祈使疑问句用won’t you?进行反问。如:See a film tonight, won’t you? 

  注:① 祈使句后边可用附加疑问句,以加强语气。如果祈使句用肯定形式,附加疑问句用否定形式;如果祈使句用否定形式,附加句用肯定形式;如: Come here next Sunday, won’t you? / Don’t tell it to anyone, will you? ② 但如果祈使句的前一句有了表示强烈[ZZ(]肯定[ZZ)]的语言环境,即使祈使句用了肯定形式,其附加成分也可以用“will you”(表示肯定,如果是在口语中用降调)。如:Give me the book, will you?

  六、例题解析
  1) C错。“in general”表示“一般”,所以主句用一般现在时,并列从句的谓语也是表示一般性,所以C处也应用一般现在时,故将其改为deal,而不是过去时dealt。
  2) C错。本句的主从句中的“usually”表示“经常”,用一般现在时;而让步状语从句的谓语也是表示同一情况,所以也应当用一般现在时。故把C处的 varied改为varies。
  3) D错。本句表述的是一般状况,前面的主句用的是现在时,后面的定语从句也应用现在时,应将required改为 requires。
  4) C错。这里“it”是形式主语,代表主语从句“that…”,既然主句表示习惯(“an accepted custom”),那么谓语就应当用一般现在时,而不能用过去时。所以将C处的removed改为remove。
  5) D为正确答案。本句表述的也是自然现象,主句和从句都应用一般现在时,故A和B都不对;C不合语法,以“what”引导的从句不能作定语,只有D正确,这里“that”引导定语从句,修饰前边的名词“names”。
  6) C错。本句宾语从句所表述的是客观事实,即“…light travels faster than sound,”虽然主句谓语动词用的是过去式“told”,从句也要用一般现在时,所以把C处的appeared改为appears。
  7) D错。虽然主句的主语用了过去时“was told”,其宾语从句表示的是“地球绕着太阳转”这一客观规律,所以将D处的moved改为moves。注意:不能将C处的has改为had,因为这也是表示客观事实,也得用一般现在时。

 



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1 whereas XgQwB     
conj.而,却,反之
参考例句:
  • They want a house,whereas we would rather live in a flat.他们想要一座房子,而我们宁愿住在一套房间里。
  • Some praise him,whereas others condemn him.有些人赞扬他,而有些人谴责他。
2 span 3wmwZ     
n.跨度,跨距,范围;vt.持续,贯穿,跨越
参考例句:
  • The time span of these documents from 1954 to 2009.这些文件的时间跨度为1954年至2009年。
  • The measurement span is determined by the higher and lower range values.测量量程由上限值和下限值决定。
3 varied giIw9     
adj.多样的,多变化的
参考例句:
  • The forms of art are many and varied.艺术的形式是多种多样的。
  • The hotel has a varied programme of nightly entertainment.宾馆有各种晚间娱乐活动。
4 humidity tcNxW     
n.湿度,潮湿,湿气
参考例句:
  • The house is not comfortable tonight ,because of the high humidity.由于湿度高,今晚屋子里不舒服。
  • It's difficult to work because of the humidity.由于空气潮湿,工作很困难。
5 characterize Qr1zG     
v.以...为特征,描述...的特征,描绘
参考例句:
  • We ordinarily characterize an action as responsible if it was intended.如果行为是有意的,我们一般将其特征归为应负责任的。
  • We may characterize an atomic state by a quantum number L.我们可以用量子数L描写一个原子的状态。
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