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现在完成时的用法
I have just read your letter.我刚刚读完你的信。
He has already come back.他已经回来了.
He has lived here for three years.他在此住了两年了。
I have been here since 1976.自从1976年我就一直在这里。
①.for后通常跟一个时间段,而since后只能跟一个具体的时间点。
如:for two weeks持续两周时间;since Monday自从周一
②.现在完成时的肯定句,其谓语动词如果是瞬间动词,如come, go, begin, join等,则不可与表示一段时间的状语连用。
如:他到此两周了:He has arrived here for two weeks.(×)
此时需转换表达方式:
①用ago代替for,并改为一般过去时
②用延续性动词代替瞬间动词
③用It is/It has been…since…句型,如:
He arrived here two weeks ago.
He has been here for two weeks.
It is/It has been two weeks since he arrived here.
当瞬间动词用于否定句时,则可以与时间段连用。
如:I haven’t gone there for six years.我六年没去那儿。
(3)表示过去发生过一次或多次的动作已成为某种经验。
比较have been to与have gone to
have been to表示“去过某地”,现在已回来了,可以与ever twice等词连用。如:
I have ever been to London.我曾去过伦敦。
have gone to表示“去某地了”现在尚未回来,不能与ever, twice等词连用。
He has gone to London.他去伦敦了。
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
二者都表示“动作已经发生”,区别在于:
(1)现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,即对现在产生的结果、影响等,而一般过去时只表示过去的事实,不表示和现在的关系。
He learned French for three years.他曾学过三年法语。
Who has taken my bag? I couldn't find it. 谁拿走了我的包?我找不着了!
He cleaned the house yesterday. 他昨天打扫过房间。
The room is clean, for he has cleaned it already. 房间很干净,因为他已经打扫过了。
(2)现在完成时不可与表示过去的时间副词连用,而一般过去时则可以。
他昨天洗衣服了。
过去完成时的用法
与现在完成的用法相同,只不过作为衡量基准点的时间点不同,现在完成时以现在作为衡量的基准点,而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻作为基准点。
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前完成了的动作,即“过去的过去”,常by, before引导的时间状语连用。
如:By the time he was10 ten, Edison had13 built14 a lab15 for himself16. 到爱迪生10岁时,他已给自己建了一个实验室。 He had measured17 me before I could9 get in a word.我还没说话,他已把衣服量完了。 We had scarcely18 reached19 the school before it began to rain. 我们刚到学校天就下雨了。 (2)表示由过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。常与for和since引导的时间状语相连用。
She said20 she had worked in that hospital for 20 years.她说她已在那所医院工作20年了。 He said he had taught21 in the university22 since 1957.他说自从1957年他就在这所大学任教。 (3)叙述过去发生的事情后,反过来又追叙或补述更早以前发生的动作时,常用过去完成时。 I knew nothing about this matter, for I had been away for six month. 对于此事我一无所知,因为我已离开6个月了。 Some people ran23 into the street. They had heard a loud noise. 有些人跑上了街,他们听到很响的嘈杂声。 点击收听单词发音
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