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考点拾遗之十八 副词 1. 有些不以-ly结尾的词,它们既可以作形容词,又可以作副词,如far, fast, hard, late, long, still, well。 A fast train is one that goes fast. 快车就是跑得快的火车。 I work hard because I enjoy hard work. 我努力工作,因为我喜欢艰苦的工作。 2. 有些副词有两种形式,一个与形容词同形,一个以-ly结尾,但它们的含义有时相同,有时是不同的。 (1)同义:cheap/cheaply I bought the car cheap/cheaply. 这部车我买得便宜。 (2)异义:hard/ hardly I work hard and play hard. 我既努力工作又尽情玩耍。 I did hardly any work today. 我今天几乎没干什么。 这类意思不相同的成对的副词还有: hard努力地 hardly几乎不 most极,非常 mostly主要地 wide广阔地,充分地 widely广泛地 deep深,迟 deeply抽象意义的“深” loud大声地 loudly大声地(含有喧闹的意思) near邻近 nearly几乎 3. already和yet 的用法 (1)already 通常用于肯定句中,一般位于句子中或者句末。 I've already seen the report. / I've seen it already. 我已经看过这份报告了。 (2)特别强调时,already 可以用在助动词前。 —You'd better lock up. —你最好锁上。 —I already have locked up. —我已经锁上了啊。 (3)yet一般用于疑问句和否定句末。 Have the new magazines arrived yet? 新的杂志到了吗? She hasn't arrived at the airport yet. 她还没到机场。 (4)在简短的否定回答中,yet常常用在not后面。 Has the concert finished? 音乐会结束了吗? —No, not yet. — 还没有。 (5)already与 yet 通常用于完成时中,在美国英语中,它们也出现在过去时中。 —Have you seen “ Gone with the wind” yet? /Did you see “ Gone with the wind” yet? 你看过《飘》吗? —I've already seen it./I already saw it. 我已经看过了。 4. too,as well,also和either 的用法 (1)too, as well和also意思相同,都用于肯定句,too和as well 更常用于句末,also的语气更正式一些: I like reading5 books and playing computer games too/ as well. /I like reading books and also playing computer games . 我既喜欢读书也喜欢打电脑游戏。 (2)either用在否定句中,表示“也不”: I don't like reading books and playing computer games either. 我既不喜欢读书也不喜欢打电脑游戏。 5. very和much的用法 very用于修饰形容词或副词。 He has been very ill. 他一直病得很厉害。 He runs very quickly. 他跑得很快。 much 可以修饰动词表示“非常”,在否定句和疑问句以外不可单独使用,通常以very much, too much, so much等形式出现。 I don't like it much. 我不太喜欢它。 She likes fruit very much. 她非常喜欢水果。 much 还可以同形容词或副词的比较级和最高级连用,表示“……得多”。 I feel much better now. 我感觉好多了。
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