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一、被动语态用于以下几种情况 1. 不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。如: Many new buildings are built in our city. 2. 强调动作的承受者。如: The wounded1 man has been sent to a hospital. 3. 动作执行者有比较长的修饰语。如: The person was supported by those who wished to have a chance to make friends with him. 4. 出于礼貌,不愿说出动作的执行者。如: You are requested to attend the party. 二、过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别 1. 系表结构中的过去分词是表示主语的特征或状态;而被动结构则是表示主语是动作的承受者。试比较: Our building is surrounded with the trees.(系表) The film is usually showed on Sunday.(被动) 2. 系表结构不能带有by引导的短语;而被动结构中可以用by引导的短语引出动作的执行者。试比较: The book is well written. (系表) The book was written by Lu Xun.(被动) 三、使用被动语态应注意的几点 1. 带双宾语的主动结构的句子,变为被动语态结构时,只能将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个宾语仍要保留。如果保留的是间接宾语,要在间接宾语之前加上介词to或for.如: We are taught English by her.或English is taught to us by her. 2. 主动语态中的不带to的动词不定式作宾补变为被动语态时,要加上不定式符号to.如: The boss made him work over twelve hours a day. He was made to work over twelve hours a day. 3. 短语动词用于被动语态应作为一个整体,不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。如: The meeting has been put off. 4. 有些及物动词和及物动词短语(多表示“静态”)不能用于被动语态,常见的有have, cost, lack, last, own, hold, fit, agree with等。 5. 有些不及物动词以主动形式表示被动意义,常见的有cut, wash, write, sell等。如: The shirt washes well.
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