牛津实用英语语法 67 it的用法
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

A it通常用来代替事物或指代我们不知道其性别的动物,有时也用来指代婴儿或较年幼的小孩:

Where is my map?I left it on the table.

我的地图哪里去了?我把它留在桌子上了。

Look at that bird.It always comes to my window.

看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。

Her new baby is tiny.It only weights 2 kilos.

她刚生出的孩子特别小。只有两公斤重。

B在下列句子中it可以用于指代人:

Ann(on phone):Who is that?/Who is it?

安(在打电话):你是谁啊?

Bill:It’s me.

比尔:是我。

—Is that Tom over there?

—No,it’s Peter.

—是汤姆在那里吗?

—不,是彼得。

C it用于表示时间、距离、天气、温度和潮水的说法中:

—What time is it?

—It is six.

—现在几点了?

—6点了。

—What’s the date?

—It’s the third of March.

—今天是几月几号?

—今天是3月3日。

—How far is it to York?

—It is 400 kilometres.

—How long does it take to get there?

—It depends on how you go.

—到约克有多远?

—400公里。

—到那里需要多少时间?

—这要看你怎么走。

It’s raining/snowing/freezing.

下雨了/下雪了/要结冰了。

It’s frosty.有霜冻。

It is a fine night.

今晚很晴朗。

It’s full moon tonight.

今晚月圆。

In winter it’s/it is dark at six o’clock.

冬天6点钟天就黑了。

It is hot/cold/quiet/noisy in this room.

这个房间里特别热/冷/安静/吵闹。

It’s high tide/low tide.

涨潮了/落潮了。

注意下列句子:

It’s/It is three years since I saw him.

相当于:I haven’t seen him for three years.

我已经有三年没见到他了。(参见第188节。)

(关于it is time+主语+过去时态,另参见第293节。)

D先行主语it

1 it可以引导下列类型的句子(分裂句):

It was 'Peter who lent us the money.

是彼得借了钱给我们。(不是保罗)

It’s 'today that he’s going.

他是今天走。(不是明天)

这种it甚至可以与复数名词连用:

It’s 'pilots that we need,not ground staff.

我们需要的是飞行员,不是地勤人员。(参见第76节。)

2如不定式是句子主语,通常把it置于句首而把不定式放在后面:

It is easy to criticize1

批评是容易的。

而不说:

To criticize is easy.

又如:

It is better to be early.

宁早勿晚。

而不说:

To be early is better.

It seems a pity to give up now.

现在放弃好像很遗憾。

而不说:

To give up now seems a pity.

如果将it+be置于find/think(that)之后,通常be和that可省略:

He thought(that)it(would be)better to say nothing.

他认为不说话为妙。

We found it impossible to get visas2

我们发现不可能拿到签证。

3在句子的主语是从句的情况下可以用it。以下的用法是可以的:

That he hasn’t phoned is odd3

令人感到奇怪的是他没打电话。

That prices will go up is certain.

价格肯定要上涨。

但是我们通常这样说:

It’s odd that he hasn’t phoned.

It’s certain that prices will go up.

其他用法:

It never occurred4 to me that perhaps he was lying.

我从没想到过他可能是在说谎。

lt struck me that everyone was unusually silent5

大家都异乎寻常地沉默使我感到吃惊。

Eit/this可代表句中前面提到过的短语、从句或动词:

He smokes in bed,though I don’t like it.(it=his smoking6 in bed)

他躺在床上抽烟,尽管我不喜欢他这样。

He suggested flying,but I thought it would cost too much.(it=flying)

他建议坐飞机去,可我认为这样花费太大。

F it还可以充当非人称动词的主语:

it seems似乎,看起来好像

it appears似乎,看来

it looks显得,好像

it happens碰巧,偶然



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1 criticize wOyzL     
vt.批评;批判,指责;评论,评价
参考例句:
  • Whenever you criticize him,he always has an excuse.你批评他,他总有说头儿。
  • You are free to criticize my work.你可以随意批评我的工作。
2 visas e57b7a3fea1ba0245f6e9866ce42da41     
n.签证( visa的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Check with your travel agent to find out about visas. 与你的旅行代理机构检查签证。 来自超越目标英语 第3册
  • Visas were withheld from some members of the delegation. 代表团的一些成员被拒发签证。 来自辞典例句
3 odd P5szQ     
adj.奇特的;临时的;奇数的;n.[pl.]机会
参考例句:
  • She looks a bit odd.I wonder what has happened to her.她的神色有些异样,不知出了什么事。
  • He's an odd character and no mistake!他的确是个怪人!
4 occurred d69029ce18e0f2dc8f7842634f064775     
v.发生(occur 的过去分词)
参考例句:
  • The prosecution stated that intercourse had occurred on several occasions. 控诉方称发生过数次性交。
  • These changes have occurred over a long time span. 这些变化经过了很长一段时间才形成。
5 silent eEVz8     
adj.安静的,不吵闹的,沉默的,无言的;n.(复数)默剧
参考例句:
  • Immediately on his beginning to speak,everyone was silent.他一讲话,大家顿时安静下来。
  • The boys looked at the conjuror in silent wonder. 孩子们目瞪口呆地看着那魔术师。
6 smoking NilzKh     
n.吸烟,抽烟;冒烟
参考例句:
  • He was wise to give up smoking.他戒烟是明智的。
  • He has decided to cut out smoking and drinking.他已决心戒烟、戒酒。
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