A 主格

用which，这里不用that：

That block，Which cost￡5 million to build，has been empty fof years．

那个街区，就是花费了500万英镑建起来的那个，已经空置了多年了。

The 8∶15 train，which is usually very punctual，was late today．

8点15分的列车通常是正点的，今天晚点了。

口语中往往可能这么说：

That block cost￡5 million to build and has been empty for years．

那个街区花费了500万英镑建成，已经空置了多年了。

This 8∶15 train is usually punctual，but It was late today．

8点15分的列车通常总是正点的，但是今天晚点了。

B 宾格

用which，这里不用that，而且which决不能省略：

She gave me this jumper，which she had knitted herself．

她送给我这件羊毛衫，这是她亲手织的。或：

She gave me this jumper；she had knitted it herself．These books，which you can get at any bookshop，will give you all the in- formation you need．

这几本书，你可以在任何书店买到的，会向你提供你所需要的一切资料。或：

These books will give you all the information you need．You can get them at any bookshop．

C 介词的宾语

介词位于which之前或者位于从句之后，但不那么正式：

Ashdown Forest，through which we’ll be driving，isn’t a forest any longer．

阿斯顿森林，我们即将驱车通过，已经不再是森林了。或：

Ashdown Forest，which we’ll be driving through，isn’t a forest any longer．

His house，for which he paid￡10，000，is now worth￡50，000．

他花了一万英镑买的房子，现在值五万英镑。或：

His house，which he paid￡10，000 for，is now…

D 与短语动词连用的which

像下面的短语动词look after，look forward to，put up with（参见第三十八章）都应被看做一个整体，即介词/副词不应与动词分开：

This machine，which I have looked after for twenty years，is still working perfectly¹．

这台机器我已经照管了20年，现在仍然没一点儿毛病。

Your inefficiency，which we have put up with far too long，is beginning to annoy our customers．

我们对你的不称职容忍得太久，而顾客也开始对此感到不满意了。

E 所有格

用whose或of which。

whose一般用来指动物和事物，of which可以用来指物，但是

除在很正式的英语中之外，比较罕见。

His house，whose windows were all broken，was a depressing sight．

他的房子窗户无一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。

The car，whose handbrake wasn’t very reliable，began to slide backwards²．

那辆车的手闸不太可靠，车开始向后滑动。