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表示目的时可以使用下列各种方法: A 单独的不定式: He went to France to learn French. 他去法国学习法语。 They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路。 当主要动词之后有一个间接宾语时,不定式可能指这个间接宾语而不是指主语: He sent Tom to the shop to buy bread 他派汤姆到店里去买面包。(该由汤姆而不该由主语“他”去买面包。) B in order/so as+不定式 in order+不定式意指主语想要做这一动作,或主语很希望这一动作发生。 so as+不定式仅指主语很希望某一动作发生。因此in order +不定式比so as+不定式更为普遍。 in order或so as也常用于以下情况: 1 与否定不定式连用,表示否定性的目的: He left his gun outside in order/so as not to frighten us. 为了不使我们受到惊吓,他把枪放在了外面。 2 与to be和to have连用: She left work early in order/so as to be at home when he arrived. 为了在家等他到达,她提前下了班。 She gave up work in order/so as to have more time with the children. 为了能有更多的时间和孩子们相处,她放弃了工作。 3 表示不是近期能实现的目的: He is studying mathematics1 in order/so as to qualify2 for a better job. 他学习数学是为了能有资格做更好的工作。 She learnt typing in order to help her husband with his work. 她学习打字是为了帮助她丈夫工作。 4 有时在较长的句子中,用于强调不定式表示目的: He was accused3 of misrepresenting the facts in order/so as to make the scheme4 seem feasible5. 人们指责他为了使计划显得可行而没有如实地把真相说出来。 He took much more trouble over the figures than he usually did in order/so as to show his new boss what a careful worker he was. 为了向新老板显示他是工作非常细心的人,他在这些数字上费了比往常更多的力气。 (但是in order/so as并非必要,有时是可省略的。) 表示目的的不定式位于主要动词之前时,in order/so as可位于句首: In order/So as to show his boss what a careful worker he was,he took ex- tra trouble over the figures. 为了向新老板显示他是个工作非常细心的人,他在这些数字上费了比平常更多的力气。(但这里的in order/so as也可以省略。) 5 句中有一个间接宾语而要想让不定式毫不含混地指主语时,可用so as/in order: He sent his sons to a boarding school in order/so as to have some peace. 为了图清静,他把他的儿子们送进了寄宿学校。(这里是指他要清静,而不是他的儿子们。) 比较: He sent his sons to a boarding school to learn to live in a community. 为了让儿子们学会在集体中生活,他把儿子们送进了寄宿学校。(是让他的儿子们学会在集体中生活,而不是他。) 但是in order/so as的这种用法不是很普遍,更常说: He sent his sons to a boarding school because he wanted to have some peace. 他把儿子们送进寄宿学校,因为他想清静点儿。 C in order(不包括so as)可用于强调不定式所表示的是主语脑子里真正想要达到的目的: —He bought diamonds when he was in Amsterdam! —That wasn’t surprising.He went to Amsterdam in order to buy dia- monds. —他在阿姆斯特丹时竟买了一些钻石! —这并不奇怪,他就是为了买钻石才去阿姆斯特丹的。(不是为了其他目的。) 另外也可用重读第一个动词而省略in order的方法来表示同样的意思: He'went to Amsterdam to buy diamonds. 他去阿姆斯特丹就是为了买钻石。 D 不定式+名词+介词: I want a case to keep my records in. 我想要一个盒子来保存我的唱片。 I need a corkscrew to open this bottle with. 我需要一个螺丝刀来打开瓶塞。 注意:这里谈论的是特指的目的。 关于泛指的目的可用for+动名词结构来表示: This is a case for keeping records in. 这是用来保存唱片的盒子。 A corkscrew is a tool for opening bottles. 螺丝刀是用来开启瓶塞的工具。 点击收听单词发音
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