无敌英语语法(初级版)-第13章 3 被动语态的几种类型
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

有两个宾语的句子通常可以分别将宾语当作主语,造成两种被动语态。而有宾语和宾语补足语的句子,则只能造一个被动语态。

1 由及物动词形成的被动语态

He was1 told the interesting story by me.

The interesting story was told to him by me.

我把那个有趣的故事告诉他了。

1.有一个宾语的句子的被动语态

详见第167页<2.主动语态变为被动语态>的例句。

2.有两个宾语的句子的被动语态

give,teach…之类的动词后面往往跟两个宾语,也可以叫做双宾语。通常这种句子可以改为以“人”当作主语和以“物”当作主语的两种被动语态。

Tom gave2 me a present.汤姆给我一件礼物。

I was given3 a present by Tom.(以人“I”做主语)

A present was given(to)me by Tom.

(以物“present”为主语)

He teaches us English.他教我们英语。

We are taught4 English by him.(以人当主语)

English is taught us by him.(以物当主语)

He bought me a book.他给我买了一本书。

I was bought a book(by him).

(以人当主语;此句语法上正确,但实际应用时很别扭,所以一般不用)

A book was bought for me(by him).

(以物当主语)

3.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态

call,make之类的动词常常有宾语补足语,在被动语态中,宾语补足语的位置不变。

注意

所有带不定式宾语补足语的动词,甚至包括感官动词feel,see,hear,watch,look at,listen to和使役动词let,make,have和动词help在变为被动语态时,一律加to。参见第十四章。

2 由不及物动词+介词或副词形成的被动语态

Many trees are cut down by workers.

许多树木被工人砍倒。

不及物动词不能跟宾语,当然就没有被动语态了,但有的不及物动词,后面跟上一个介词或副词后(即形成所谓的动词短语),其作用和一个及物动词一样,这样,在变成被动语态时,千万不要把介词或副词去掉。

She looks after them.

她照顾他们。

(○)They are looked after by her.

(×)They are looked by her.

We laughed at him.

我们笑话他。

He was laughed at(by us).

必背!

动词短语的被动语态

take care5 of照看

→be taken care of

cut down砍倒

→be cut down

laugh at嘲笑

→be laughed at

look after照料

→be looked after

必背!

被动语态的动词短语

以下这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式,不需再加“by”。

be covered6 with                  用……覆盖着

be surprised7 at                    对……感到惊奇

be known8 to                       出名

be interested9 in                  对……感兴趣

be made10 of(from)          用……制造的

3 由情态动词形成的被动语态

The person11 must be taken care of by his son.

这个人一定要由他儿子照顾。

含有情态动词的句子变为被动语态时,在情态动词后面加上be动词即可,其句型如下:

肯定句:主语+情态动词(can,may,must)+be(永远是原形)+过去分词~.

否定句:主语+情态动词+not +be +过去分词~.

疑问句:情态动词(Can,May,Must)+主语+be +过去分词~?

注意

《be going12 to +动词原形》句型变为被动语态时,我们把be going to看成一个词,就如同情态动词can一样,因此它的被动语态应该是《be going to be +过去分词》。

He is going to make it.

→It is going to be made(by him).

We can change water into ice.

我们可以把水变成冰。

Water can be changed into ice.

水可以被变成冰。

You must not take out any books.

你不可以拿走任何一本书。

Any books mustn't be taken out by you.

Can you use it?你会使用它吗?

Can it be used13



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1 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
2 gave YgSxz     
vbl.(give的过去式)给予,产生,发表
参考例句:
  • He asked for money and I gave him some.他要钱,我给了他一些。
  • I gave you a map so you wouldn't get lost. 我给你一张地图,这样你就不会迷路了。
3 given tsNzSl     
adj.赠予的,沉溺的,特定的,假设的;vbl.give的过去分词
参考例句:
  • This was given me as a birthday gift.这是给我的生日礼物。
  • He was given every chance to try the job.他得到一切可能的机会去试做这件事。
4 taught Sq2wK     
v.teach的过去式过去分词
参考例句:
  • Children must be taught to be careful of traffic.必须教育孩子要当心车辆。
  • Miss Brown taught my daughter last year.去年是布朗小姐教我女儿的。
5 care FTYyC     
n.小心,照料,忧虑;v.关心,照顾,喜爱,介意
参考例句:
  • I really care about the students in my class.我的确喜欢这个班上的学生。
  • Her work is to take care of the children.她的工作是照料好孩子。
6 covered jvaz7W     
adj.大量的;有遮盖物的,(尤指)有顶的v.覆盖( cover的过去式和过去分词);掩护;包括
参考例句:
  • His face was covered in blood. 他满脸是血。
  • His clothes were covered in dirt. 他的衣服沾满了污垢。
7 surprised WhozVW     
adj.感到惊讶的,感到惊奇的
参考例句:
  • Is that anything to be surprised at?那有什么可怪的?
  • The news greatly surprised us.这消息使我们非常惊异。
8 known hpKzdc     
adj.大家知道的;知名的,已知的
参考例句:
  • He is a known artist.他是一个知名的艺术家。
  • He is known both as a painter and as a statesman.他是知名的画家及政治家。
9 interested WqFzGH     
adj.感兴趣的;拥有权益的;有成见的v.使…感兴趣(interest的过去分词)
参考例句:
  • to be interested in wildlife conservation 对野生动物保护感兴趣
  • I told him I wasn't interested, but he wasn't deterred. 我已告诉他我不感兴趣,可他却不罢休。
10 made hAgx2     
v.make的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • They were not made in china.它们不是中国制造的。
  • The monkey made a long arm for the peach.猴子伸臂去摘桃子。
11 person QMBxI     
n.人
参考例句:
  • I would never trust in that kind of person.我绝不会相信那种人。
  • She is the very person I wanted to see.她正是我要见的人。
12 going dsHzY9     
n.去,离去,地面(或道路)的状况,工作情况;(复数形式)goings: 行为;adj.进行中的,流行的,现存的
参考例句:
  • We're going to listen to a report this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去听报告。
  • He hates leaving the office and going on holiday.他不愿离开办公室去度假。
13 used ajBwV     
adj.用旧了的,旧的;习惯于…;过去惯/经常
参考例句:
  • I used to work until nearly 6:00 o'clock each day.我过去常常工作到6:00左右。
  • He used to walk anywhere from two to five miles an hour.他过去经常一小时走二至五英里。
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