无敌英语语法(初级版)-第15章 4其他介词
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

介词除了表示“时间”、“场所”以外,也表示“手段”、“材料”……等

1 表示手段和材料的介词用 with,in,by

1.with:a.和……在一起

比较

in和 with

用in,with表工具或方法时,在译成中文时区别不大,但在英语上的用法却不大相同。

a.用“with”时,后面的名词要加上冠词或代词。

with my ear用我的耳朵with a pencil用一支铅笔

b.用in时,后面加物质名词,不能加冠词。

in ink 用墨水

in pencil 用铅笔

Will you please go with me?

你和我一起去好吗?

b.具有、带有

He was2 a handsome3 boy with large bright eyes.

他是有着一双大眼睛的英俊男孩子。

c.用某工具或方法

Li Li cut her hand with a knife.

莉莉用刀把手弄破了。

I see with my eyes.

我用眼睛看。

He wrote4 the letter with a new pen.

他用一支新钢笔写这封信。

2.in:表示用什么材料(例如用墨水、铅笔)等,或用什么语言,或者表示衣着、声调特点时,不用with,而用in。

She wrote a letter in black ink.

她用黑色的墨水写信。

Don't write it in pencil but in ink.

别用铅笔写,用钢笔(水)写。

3.by:通过……方法、手段

He goes to school by bicycle.

他骑自行车上学。

必背!

《by +交通工具》的词组

by bicycle 骑自行车          by plane 坐飞机

by car 坐小汽车                (=by air)

by bus 坐公共汽车           by train 坐火车

by taxi 坐出租车               by ship 坐船

比较

搭乘交通工具

用by来表示搭乘交通工具方式、手段时,名词前不加冠词。

by train 坐火车

You can go there in my car.

你可以坐我的车去那儿。

用in表示时,后面要用冠词或代词。同样坐公共汽车可以说:

take the(a)bus

2 of,from

1.of:(属于)……的;表示……的数量或种类

This is a map of China.

这是一幅中国地图。

Will you please give me a cup of tea?

请您给我一杯茶好吗?

2.from:来自(某地、某人);以……起始

(时间或地点)

参见197,203页有关from的部分。

I'm from Nanjing.我是南京人。

I have got6 a letter from my friend.

我收到了一封我朋友的来信。

3 without,like,as1

1.without:没有,是with的反义词

Men can't live without air and water.

人类没有空气和水不能生存。

I can't read the book without using a dictionary7.

不用字典,我看不了这本书。

Please give me a cup of coffee without milk.

请给我一杯不加奶的咖啡。

Please give me a cup of coffee with milk.

请给我一杯加奶的咖啡。

2.like:像……一样

Nancy is just like her mother.

南希和她的妈妈一样。

比较

make…of…

与make…from…这两个词组都是“由…制成”的意思,它们的区别在于:如果制造出来的东西还看得出原料是什么,用“make…of…”;看不出原料是什么,用“make…from…”。

The box is made8 of wood.

这箱子是木料做的。

The paper is made from rice straw9.

这纸是用稻草造的。

注意

前句还可写成 Nancy looks like her mother.(南希和她妈妈长得一样)。用look时,强调外表。

3.as:作为

He is famous10 as a scientist11 here.

他在此地作为一个科学家而闻名。

4 against12,about

1.against:反对;靠着

He is against the plan5.(Li Ming)

他反对这个计划。(他反对李明)。

The teacher is standing13 against the blackboard.

老师正靠着黑板站着。

2.about:a.关于;各处;身旁

Tell me something about your life14.

告诉我你的生活情况。

He looked about himself15.

他向四处张望。

I have no money about(=with)me.

我身上没带钱。

b.询问某人某物的情况或提出建议

What about your sister?

你姐姐情况如何?

How about going16 to the park?

去公园怎么样?

注意

What about …?与How about…?的用法没有区别。

必背!

各种介词短语

使用工具 with a pencil

交通工具 by bus

用某语言 in French

用电视(学英语) learn English on TV

付多少钱 for two dollars

 



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 as pNiyL     
conj.按照;如同
参考例句:
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
2 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
3 handsome eeixB     
adj.英俊的,大方的,美观的
参考例句:
  • He is a handsome man.他是一位美男子。
  • She lost her heart to the handsome guy.她爱上了这个漂亮的小伙子。
4 wrote pf8wI     
v.(write的过去式)写
参考例句:
  • She wrote the music and he wrote the book.她作曲子,他写歌词。
  • He wrote back that he was too busy to join us.他回信说他太忙不能参加我们的活动。
5 plan UNOxW     
n.计划,策略,方法;v.计划,设计,意欲
参考例句:
  • What do you plan to do during the holidays?你打算在假期里做什么?
  • I talked with him about our plan,and he wanted in.我同他谈了我们的计划,他想参加。
6 got wfuxi     
v.(get的过去式)得到,猜到,明白
参考例句:
  • I just got some bad news.我刚得到一些坏消息。
  • I have got far too much work to do.我要做的事太多了。
7 dictionary OvvxO     
n.词典,字典,辞典
参考例句:
  • I have a new dictionary.我有一本新字典。
  • This is a very good dictionary.这是一本非常好的词典。
8 made hAgx2     
v.make的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • They were not made in china.它们不是中国制造的。
  • The monkey made a long arm for the peach.猴子伸臂去摘桃子。
9 straw 6t6wm     
n.稻草,麦杆,吸管;adj.用稻草做的,用来作稻草的,麦杆色的,无价值的,象稻草人的,非正式民意测验所发现的
参考例句:
  • The old peasant is twisting pieces of straw into a rope.这位老农民正把稻草搓成绳子。
  • May I have a straw for my drink?给我一根喝饮料的吸管好吗?
10 famous xloxC     
adj.著名的,驰名的,闻名遐迩的;极好的;擅长的
参考例句:
  • The hotel is famous for its suppers.那个酒店以晚餐而著称。
  • He is famous for his learning.他以有学问而出名。
11 scientist fZoxc     
n.(自然)科学家
参考例句:
  • He is a black scientist.他是一位黑人科学家。
  • She has become a famous scientist.她成为著名科学家。
12 against HKsy2     
prep.与…对抗;对着
参考例句:
  • You're against the traffic rules.你违反了交通规则。
  • Are you for or against?你是赞成还是反对?
13 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
14 life C1LxR     
n.生活;生命
参考例句:
  • The doctor came in time to save his life.医生及时来抢救他的生命。
  • At last he knew the meaning of life.终于,他知道了生命的意义。
15 himself qdRxV     
pron.他自己
参考例句:
  • He is proud of himself.他为自己感到自豪。
  • He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
16 going dsHzY9     
n.去,离去,地面(或道路)的状况,工作情况;(复数形式)goings: 行为;adj.进行中的,流行的,现存的
参考例句:
  • We're going to listen to a report this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去听报告。
  • He hates leaving the office and going on holiday.他不愿离开办公室去度假。
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