无敌英语语法(初级版)-第19章4反意疑问句
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

在陈述句之后加上一个意思与之相反的简短问句,这种句子叫做反意疑问句。反意疑问句必须由意思相反的两部分组成,在前一部分(陈述句)之后用逗号,后一部分(简短问句)之后用问号。反意疑问句的否定句必须用缩略形成,同时它的主语必须用人称代词,不能用名词。前一部分用降调,后一部分在表示疑问时用升调,在表示强调某意思时用降调。

反意疑问句分为两类:

1.前一部分为肯定式,后一部分是否定式。

2.前一部分为否定式,后一部分是肯定式。

1陈述句(肯定式),+疑问部分(否定式)?

1.be动词和一般动词(实义动词)构成的反意疑问句

be动词句型:

现在→…,isn't(aren't)+主语?

过去→…,wasn't(weren't)+主语?

一般动词句型:

现在→…,don't(doesn't)+主语?

过去→…,didn't +主语?

The pen is yours,isn't it?这笔是你的,不是吗?

Lucy likes English,doesn't she?

路希喜欢英语,不是吗?

Yes,she does.是的,她喜欢。

No,she doesn't.不,她不喜欢。

That was1 a wonderful night,wasn't it?

那是个奇妙的夜晚,不是吗?

Yes,it was.是的,它是。

No,it wasn't.不,它不是。

Your sister helped him,didn't she?

你姐姐帮助了他,不是吗?

Yes,she did2.是的。她帮助他。

No,she didn't.不。她没有帮助他。

注意

反意疑问句中,前后两部分的动词在人称、数和时态上通常保持一致。另外后一部分的人称代词应和前一部分的主语(名词或代词)保持一致。

Tom is skating,isn't he?(进行时)

汤姆在滑冰,不是吗?

Yes,he is.是的。

No,he isn't.不。

She is loved by her parents,isn't she?

(被动语态)

她被她父母亲疼爱着,不是吗?

Yes,she is.是的。

No,she isn't.不。

进行时和被动语态的反意疑问句的形式和be动词、一般动词的反意疑问句句型一样。

2.情态动词的反意疑问句

句型:…(陈述句),情态动词的简短否定式+主语(疑问部分)?

Your brother can swim,can't he?

你哥哥会游泳,不是吗?

Yes,he can.是的No,he can't.不。

We have to finish it,don't We?

注意

如果陈述部分的谓语动词包括have to,had3 to时,疑问部分用do的适当形式。

我们不得不完成它,不是吗?

Yes,we do.是的。

No,we don't.不。

The workers had to take the first bus,didn't they?

工人们不得不上头班车,不是吗?

Yes,they did.是的。

No,they didn't.不。

3.完成时的反意疑问句

句型:…(陈述句),has(have)not+主语?

Tom has lived here for many years,hasn't he?

汤姆已经在这儿住了许多年了,不是吗?

Yes,he has.是。

No,he hasn't.不。

You have seen4 the film,haven't you?

你看过了这部电影,不是吗?

Yes,I have.是。

No,I haven't.不。

注意

在动词have当“有”讲时,反意疑问句两种均可:

He has a lot of books,hasn't he?

=He has a lot of books,doesn't he?

他有许多书,不是吗?

当“have”表示其他含义时,例如表“经历”、“吃”、“开会”……时,只用do来表示。

The students have a meeting5 once a week,don't they?

学生们一周开一次会,不是吗?

His mother has her lunch at the factory,doesn't she?

他妈妈在工厂吃午饭,不是吗?

2陈述句(否定式),+疑问部分(肯定式)?

这种反意疑问句的结构和第一部分一样,只不过颠倒一下肯定句和否定句的位置。这部分的难点在于回答,回答和汉语习惯不同。在这种问句中,先不要管yes和no,按实际情况,如果答语是肯定式的,就要用《yes +肯定结构》,如果答语是否定的,就要用《No +否定结构》。

You aren't a teacher,are you?

你不是老师,是吗?

Yes,I am.不,我是。

No,I am not(a teacher).是的,我不是。

注意

回答时,根据实际情况,“我”不是老师,按汉语的规则就要答“是的,我不是老师”。如果你按此写成英语则成了:Yes,I'm not.(×),但在英语中是个大错。按英语的规则,实际上是“我不是老师”。那么答语就应是No,I am not a teacher,而中文则是“是的,我不是老师。”

You don't study Chinese,do you?

你们不学中文,是吗?

Yes,we do.不,我们学中文。

They haven't been to the Great Wall,have they?

他们没去长城,是吗?

Yes,they have.不,他们去过。

No,they haven't.是的,他们没去过。

Your classmates didn't have a good time last summer,did they?

你的同学们去年暑假没过好,是吗?

Yes,they did.不,他们过得很好。

No,they didn't.是的,他们过得不好。

3其他类型的反意疑问句

1.祈使句的反意疑问句

a.在肯定的祈使句后,为了使祈使句听起来比较婉转、客气可加一个简短的问句,如:will you?would6 you?won't you?can you?could7 you?can't you?最常用的是will you?或won't you?

Speak louder,will you?

请大声点儿,好吗?

Open the window,will you?

请打开窗子,好吗?

注意

在否定的祈使句后,只能用will you?

Don't wait for me,will you?

请别等我,好吗?

Don't be late,will you?

别迟到,行吗?

Give me a hand,won't you?

请帮我一下,好吗?

b.在Let's祈使句后加上shall we?或shan't we?,在Let us(me,him…)后加上will you?或won't you?

Let's go,shall we?咱们走吧,好吗?

Let's have a cup of tea,shall we?

我们去喝杯茶,好吗?

Let her play the piano,will you?

让她弹钢琴吧,(您说)行吗?

Let me sing a song for you,will you?

让我为你唱一首歌,好吗?

注意

像dislike,hate…这样的词,虽然意思是不喜欢、讨厌、否定的,但仍按肯定句来处理。

You dislike8 English,don't you?

你不喜欢英语,是吗?

Yes,I do.

是的,我不喜欢。

No,I don't.

不,我喜欢。

2.陈述部分如果有表示否定意思的某些词,如:never,seldom,hardly,few9,little,nobody,no one,nothing,neither…,疑问部分须用肯定式。

He never watches TV,does he?

他从不看电视,是吗?

Yes,he does.不,他看。

No,he doesn't.是的,他不看。

No one can help me,can he(they)?

没有人能帮助我,是吗?

Yes,he(they)can.不,有人会帮你。

No,he(they)can't.是的,没人会帮你。

Very few people understand what he said10,do they?

很少人听得懂他说的话,是吗?

Yes,they do.不,很多人听得懂。

No,they don't.是的,很少人听得懂。

3.陈述部分是《there + be》结构时,疑问部分用there,省略主语代词。

There is something wrong with the radio,isn't there?

收音机出毛病了,是吗?

There won't be any meetings11 next week,willthere?

下周什么会也没有,是吗?

There is a post office near your house,isn't there?

在你家附近有一个邮局,是吗?

4.陈述部分如果有  everything,  nothing……表示事物的词作主语时,疑问部分的主语用it,陈述部分如果有everyone, no one, someone……表示人的不定代词作主语时,疑问部分常用they(有时也用he)。

Everything here is dirty,isn't it?

这儿的所有东西都脏,不是吗?

Everybody12 knows the answer. Don't they?

任何一个人都知道答案,不是吗?

5.陈述部分是含有宾语从语的主从复合句时,疑问部分中的动词和主语代词应和主句中的动词和主语保持一致。但是,如果陈述部分是“I don’t think(believe13,…)+宾语从句”时,疑问部分中的动词和主语应和宾语从句中的动词和主语保持一致,并且要用肯定形式。

You told them he wouldn't come,didn't you?

你告诉他们,他不来了,是吗?

He never said he was a good student, did he?

他从没说过他是个好学生,不是吗?

I don’t think you are right,are you?

我认为你不对,不是吗?

I don’t believe he studies harder,does he? does he?

我相信他不会努力学习的,会吗?



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
2 did SvwxP     
v.动词do的过去式
参考例句:
  • How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球?
  • Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢?
3 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
参考例句:
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
4 seen ujyzZX     
vbl.(see的过去分词)看见
参考例句:
  • Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后,就没有见过他了。
  • I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。
5 meeting MowzDB     
n.会议;集会
参考例句:
  • Will you be at the meeting?你会来开会吗?
  • We would like to hold the meeting at an early date.我们希望早日举行这次会议。
6 would 8fPwB     
aux.will的过去式;愿,要;常常;大概;将要,会
参考例句:
  • Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说?
  • Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗?
7 could lzvxe     
v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以
参考例句:
  • Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗?
  • I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
8 dislike ytlxd     
vt./n.不喜爱,厌恶
参考例句:
  • We dislike those who talk big and do nothing.我们不喜欢那种夸夸其谈,不干实事的人。
  • I dislike man of that type.我不喜欢那一类型的人。
9 few kk0x2     
adj.很少的,不多的,少数的;int.少数的
参考例句:
  • There are few woods in that area.那个地区几乎没有森林。
  • I have a few questions.我有些问题要问你。
10 said IYtxh     
v.动词say的过去式、过去分词
参考例句:
  • He said to me that he could not come.他对我说他不能来。
  • He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
11 meetings 06cf60d22f85e12c1d761a239a46dae7     
n.相会( meeting的名词复数 );聚会;会议;运动会
参考例句:
  • He was chauffeured to all his meetings. 他由司机开车送去参加所有的会议。
  • Meetings take place at fortnightly intervals. 每两周开一次会。
12 everybody gnWx5     
pron.每人,人人(=everyone)
参考例句:
  • Christmas is a holiday for everybody.圣诞节是所有人的节日。
  • It is difficult to find a time that suits everybody.很难找到一个对每人都合适的时间。
13 believe zQNy5     
v.相信;认为
参考例句:
  • Believe it or not,that's the way it is.信不信由你,反正事情就是这样。
  • I believe what you say.我相信你的话。
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