英文最基本的五个时态(3)
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  三、 一般将来时

  一般将来时由助动词shall或will加动词原型构成,shall用于第一人称,will用于第二、三人称。这个时态的肯定、否定及疑问机构可表示如下:

  I shall go.

  I shall not go.

  shall I go?

  除英国以外的说英语的国家,在陈述句中,即使在第一人称一般也用will,在英国也有这种趋势,在口语中常紧缩为I’ll.

  一般将来时表示将要发生的动作和情况:

  I will (shall) arrive tomorrow.

  will you be busy tonight?

  the agreement will come into force next spring.

  we won’t (shan’t) be free tonight.

  有时表示将来的时间状语,有时没有时间状语,这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况:

  I will think it over.

  who will take the chair?

  will she come?

  they won’t object it.

  在以i 或 we 作主语的问句中,一般用shall,这时或是征求对方的意见(a),或是询问一个情况(b):

  a. shall I make a fair copy of it?

  which book shall i read first?

  where shall we meet?

  b. shall we have any classes tomorrow?

  when shall we have the rehearsal1?

  shall I be able to find them there?

  在这类问句中,近年来也有不少人用will,特别是美国。

  what will we do?

  how will get there?

  which will I take?

  注意在时间或条件状语从句中,一般不能用将来时态,而用现在时态代替:

  I’ll let you have the book when i’m through.

  they’ll fight till they win complete victory2.

  I’ll be round to see you if i have time tomorrow.

  注:在两种情况下条件从句可以用一般将来时:

  1. 表示愿望:

  if they won’t cooperate3, our plan will fall flat.

  2.主句的谓语表时现在的情况:

  if he won’t arrive this morning, why should we wait here。

  表示将要发生的动作或情况,除了一般将来时外,还有一些其他结构和时态:

  1. be going +不定式(表打算、准备作的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事):

  we ‘re going to put up a building here.

  how are you going to spend your holiday?

  who is going to speak first?

  2. be +不定式(表示按计划安排要发生的事或用来征求对方的意见):

  when is the factory to go into production?

  the line is (going) to be opened to traffic next week.

  Am I to (=shall I ) go on with the work?

  3.一般现在时(限于某些动词,表示按计划或时刻要发生的事):

  school finishes on january 18th.

  we get off at the next stop.

  when does the winter vacation begin?

  4.现在进行时(限于某些动词,表示按计划安排要发生的事):

  we are having an english evening tonight.

  they are playing some folk4 music next.

  I am talking the children to the zoo (on sunday ).

  在单纯表示将来情况,特别是谈一连串的事情或在带时间或条件状语从句的句子中,谓语多用将来时:

  next term i will try to do better. I’ll speak more english and do more reading-aloud.

  he’ll come to see you when he has time.

  he’ll tell you if you ask him.

  在表示打算或准备时,如不提时间、条件等,多用be going to这个结构,用一般将来时时很少的,特别是在口语中:

  he is going to buy a dictionary.(很少说he will buy a dictionary.)

  在谈即将发生的情况时,用be going to 这个结构也多一些。在表示按计划安排要做得事时,用be to 的时候也不少。另外还有将来进行时等时态也可表示将来的动作。

  注:be about to 可表示即将作某事

  we are about to leave.

  he is about to retire.

  一般将来时有时还可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作:

  a drowning man will catch at a straw5.

  crops will die without water.

  oil will float on water.

  注:这一时态有时用来表示揣测(a)或容量(b):

  a. that man in the middle will be the visiting minister.

  b. the hall will seat 500people.



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 rehearsal AVaxu     
n.排练,排演;练习
参考例句:
  • I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。
  • You can sharpen your skills with rehearsal.排练可以让技巧更加纯熟。
2 victory Th6wv     
n.胜利,成功
参考例句:
  • Victory will never come if we only wait for it.如果我们光是等待,胜利永远不会到来。
  • It can't be questioned that we will win the final victory.我们将最终取得胜利,这是确定无疑的。
3 cooperate tZByR     
vi.合作,协作,相配合
参考例句:
  • We hope we can cooperate even more closely in the future.希望我们今后能更加密切地合作。
  • I hope you can cooperate on this matter.我希望你在这件事上能给予合作。
4 folk aj6xN     
n.人们;家属,亲属;adj.民间的
参考例句:
  • I am not very fond of folk dance.我不太喜欢民间舞蹈。
  • Difficulties help to forge people into able folk.困难有助于把人们锻炼成能干的人。
5 straw 6t6wm     
n.稻草,麦杆,吸管;adj.用稻草做的,用来作稻草的,麦杆色的,无价值的,象稻草人的,非正式民意测验所发现的
参考例句:
  • The old peasant is twisting pieces of straw into a rope.这位老农民正把稻草搓成绳子。
  • May I have a straw for my drink?给我一根喝饮料的吸管好吗?
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