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三、 一般将来时 一般将来时由助动词shall或will加动词原型构成,shall用于第一人称,will用于第二、三人称。这个时态的肯定、否定及疑问机构可表示如下: I shall go. I shall not go. shall I go? 除英国以外的说英语的国家,在陈述句中,即使在第一人称一般也用will,在英国也有这种趋势,在口语中常紧缩为I’ll. 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作和情况: I will (shall) arrive tomorrow. will you be busy tonight? the agreement will come into force next spring. we won’t (shan’t) be free tonight. 有时表示将来的时间状语,有时没有时间状语,这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况: I will think it over. who will take the chair? will she come? they won’t object it. 在以i 或 we 作主语的问句中,一般用shall,这时或是征求对方的意见(a),或是询问一个情况(b): a. shall I make a fair copy of it? which book shall i read first? where shall we meet? b. shall we have any classes tomorrow? when shall we have the rehearsal1? shall I be able to find them there? 在这类问句中,近年来也有不少人用will,特别是美国。 what will we do? how will get there? which will I take? 注意在时间或条件状语从句中,一般不能用将来时态,而用现在时态代替: I’ll let you have the book when i’m through. they’ll fight till they win complete victory2. I’ll be round to see you if i have time tomorrow. 注:在两种情况下条件从句可以用一般将来时: 1. 表示愿望: if they won’t cooperate3, our plan will fall flat. 2.主句的谓语表时现在的情况: if he won’t arrive this morning, why should we wait here。 表示将要发生的动作或情况,除了一般将来时外,还有一些其他结构和时态: 1. be going +不定式(表打算、准备作的事或即将发生或肯定要发生的事): we ‘re going to put up a building here. how are you going to spend your holiday? who is going to speak first? 2. be +不定式(表示按计划安排要发生的事或用来征求对方的意见): when is the factory to go into production? the line is (going) to be opened to traffic next week. Am I to (=shall I ) go on with the work? 3.一般现在时(限于某些动词,表示按计划或时刻要发生的事): school finishes on january 18th. we get off at the next stop. when does the winter vacation begin? 4.现在进行时(限于某些动词,表示按计划安排要发生的事): we are having an english evening tonight. they are playing some folk4 music next. I am talking the children to the zoo (on sunday ). 在单纯表示将来情况,特别是谈一连串的事情或在带时间或条件状语从句的句子中,谓语多用将来时: next term i will try to do better. I’ll speak more english and do more reading-aloud. he’ll come to see you when he has time. he’ll tell you if you ask him. 在表示打算或准备时,如不提时间、条件等,多用be going to这个结构,用一般将来时时很少的,特别是在口语中: he is going to buy a dictionary.(很少说he will buy a dictionary.) 在谈即将发生的情况时,用be going to 这个结构也多一些。在表示按计划安排要做得事时,用be to 的时候也不少。另外还有将来进行时等时态也可表示将来的动作。 注:be about to 可表示即将作某事 we are about to leave. he is about to retire. 一般将来时有时还可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作: a drowning man will catch at a straw5. crops will die without water. oil will float on water. 注:这一时态有时用来表示揣测(a)或容量(b): a. that man in the middle will be the visiting minister. b. the hall will seat 500people. 点击收听单词发音
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