㈣解书面表达题必要的知识储备

　　从知识储备的角度来说，我认为解书面表达题除了具备必要的词汇量、一定的语法知识和语言组织能力外，还要着重注意以下两点：

　　⒈掌握下面几种常用的英文文体的格式

　　⑴书信格式示例 ：

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　25 Tianshui Road
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Lanzhou, China
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　January 3rd, 2003

208 Hope Road
Sydney, Australia 

Dear Laura,

　　How are you getting on now?__________________________________
____________________________________________________________ 


　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Yours,
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Zhou Lan

　　⑵通知格式示例：

　　①书面通知格式示例

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　NOTICE

　　In order to arouse¹ the students’ interest in learning² English, the Student Union has decided³ to set up an English Club with the help of the teachers of English.
　　_____________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________ 


　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Student Union
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　November 9, 2004

　　②口头通知格式示例

Boys and girls,

　　May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.

　　The Students’ Union is going to hold a party on Sunday evening, November 12th, to welcome our friends from the United⁴ States.
　　_____________________________________________________________ 
_________________________________________________________________

　　That’s all . Thank you!

　　⑶致词(speech)格式示例：

　　①欢迎词格式示例

Ladies and gentlemen/ Mr President/etc,

　　Welcome to-------
　　_____________________________________________________________

　　That’s all. Thank you.

　　②欢送词格式示例

Dear friends,
　　_____________________________________________________________

　　Good luck to -----/ Goodbye, dear friends.

　　⒉了解下面一些可能在英语书面表达中使用到的重要句型

　　1）以形式主语it引导的有关句型。

　　（1）“It is / was＋被强调的部分＋that(who)+剩余的部分.”例如：
　　①It wasn’t until he came back that I went to bed.“直到他回来我才睡觉”(一定要注意被强调句型谓语动词否定的转移及形式)。
　　②It was because he was ill that he didn’t come to school today.“只因为他有病了今天没有来上学”（只能用because而不能用for, as 或since）
　　③It is I who am a student. “我确实是个学生”。

　　（2）“It happened（chanced）that +clause⁵. = sb. happened /chanced sth. =sb.did sth. by chance.” 例如：
　　It happened that he was out when I got there.“当我到那儿时，碰巧他不在”＝He happened to be out when I got there.= It chanced that he was out when I got there= He was out by chance when I got there.

　　（3）“It seems that sb. do/ be doing/ have done/ had done= Sb. seems to do/ be doing/ have done/ had done”（还有动词appear可这样使用）例如：
　　It seemed that he had been to Beijing before.“好像你以去过北京”＝He seemed to have been Beijing before.

　　（4）“It is high time (time/ about time) (that) 主语＋should do / did+其它”（注意从句中的谓语动词用的是虚拟语气） 例如：
　　It is high time that we should go / went home.我们该回家了。

　　（5）“It is / was said ( reported…)＋that+从句.” 例如：
It was said that he had read this novel.“据说他读过这篇小说”＝He was said to have read this novel.

　　（6）“It is impossible / necessary/ strange…that clause.”(从句中的谓语用should＋do / should have done，其形式是虚拟语气) 例如：
　　It is strange that he should have failed in this exam.真奇怪，他这次考试没有及格。

　　（7）“It is + a pity/ a shame…that clause.” (注意从句中的谓语动词用should do或should have done的形式，但should可以省略) 例如：
　　He didn’t come back until the film ended. It was a pity that he should have missed this film. “他直到电影结束才回来。他没有看到这部电影真可惜”

　　（8）“It is suggested / ordered/ commanded /…that +clause.” (从句的谓语动词用should do, 但should可以省略) 例如：
　　It is suggested that the meeting should be put off.“有人建议推迟会议”。

　　（9）“It is/was＋表示地点的名词＋where+从句” （注意本句不是强调句型，而是以where引导的定语从句） 例如：
　　It was this house where I was born.请比较：It was in this house that I was born.(后一句是强调句型。)

　　（10）“It is / was +表示时间的名词＋when+从句” （注意本句型也不是强调句型，而是以when引导的定语从句） 例如：
　　It was 1999 when he came back from the United States. 请比较：It was in 1999 that he came back from the United States.

　　（11）“It is well-known that＋从句” 例如：
　　It is well-known that she is a learned⁶ woman.“众所周知，她是个知识渊博的妇女”。

　　（12）“It is +段时间＋since+主语＋did.” // “It was +段时间＋since+主语＋had done.” 例如：
　　①It is five years since he left here.“他已经离开这儿五年了”。
　　②It was five years since he left here.（同上） 

　　（13）“It +谓语＋段时间＋before+主语＋谓语”（before引导的是时间状语从句） 例如：
　　①It wasn’t long before the people in that country rose up.“没有多久那个国家的人民就起义了”
　　②It will be three hours before he comes back.“三个小时之后他才能回来”

　　（14）“It is +形容词＋for+ sb.+ to do.” 例如：
　　It is impossible for me to finish this work before tomorrow.“我明天之前完成此工作是不可能的” 

　　（15）“It is +（心理品质方面的）形容词＋of + sb. +to do.”= “主语+ be +形容词＋to do.”(常用的形容词有：kind, stupid; foolish, good, wise等) 例如：
　　It is kind of you to help me.＝You are kind to help me.“你真好给我提供了帮助”

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